1862.] An account of Upper and Loioer Suwdt 253 



Grijars, called the Bdnddalis of the Giijaran, one of which is Sar- 

 banddah, inhabited by about fifty families. It is close beneath the 

 mountain of Sar-dzaey, the barrier closing the extremity of the 

 valley to the north. The three villages contain, altogether, about 

 six hundred houses. 



A short distance to the south of Sar-banddah, there is a marshy, 

 meadow-like plain of some extent, probably about fifteen jaribs of 

 land.* This is called Jal-gah. This term is evidently derived 

 from Sanskrit and Persian ; the first being «T^r water, and the 

 second &$ a place, '_' the place of water or streams." The rivulets 

 issuing from this meadow having collected together, flow downwards 

 towards the south ; and this Jal-gah is the source of the Suwat 

 river, which, united with the Indus, and the Panjab rivers, at last, 

 pours its water from scores of mouths into the mighty ocean at 

 Kurrachee, (or more correctly Karachi) in Sindh, after a course of 

 some fifteen hundred miles ! 



Plowing south, the stream, called the water of Jal-gah, enters the 

 boundary of the Garwi tribe ; and thence flows on to Ut-rorr, which 

 lies on its western bank. Thence under the name of the river of 

 Ut-rorr it flows down opposite to the entrance of the darali of U'shu 

 with its river, lying in a north-easterly direction, and unites with 

 that stream near the village of Kalam, also on the western bank. 

 Still lower down it receives the river of Cha-yal running through 

 the darali or valley of that name, lying in a south-westerly direction, 

 near the village of Sha-gram on the western bank. East of the Ut- 

 rorr river, as it is termed from Sha-gram downwards, and about half 

 a mile lower is the village of Chur-rra'i, where its name again 

 changes ; and it is then known as the sind,f or river of Kohistan. 

 On reaching the villages of Pi' a and Tirataey, it receives the name 

 of the Suwat river, having during its course received, little by little, 

 the small rivulets on either side. 



At the extreme head of the valley, near the mountain of Sar- 

 dzaey there is a Pass leading into Kashkar ; another road deads 

 through the darali of U'shu, on the eastern side, into Gilgitt ; and 

 another leading into Panjkorah through the Cha-yal darah. 



* A jarib of land is sixty yards in length and breadth. 

 t A Sanskrit word, used in Pushto. 



