1862.] An account of Upper and Lower Suwat. 263 



side. From Clmr-rraey to Binwarri, which was the nearest point 

 towards its source which I visited, the stream is ahout a hundred 

 yards broad, very swift, and violent. From about five miles lower 

 down than Binwarri it becomes somewhat wider, but is just as rapid 

 and violent as before, till it reaches Darwesh Khel, about three- 

 quarters of a mile lower down than which, where the valley also 

 opens out considerably, it becomes much broader, and divides into 

 several branches, and so continues until it reaches Allah-ddandd in 

 Lower Suwat, where the branches again unite. From thence the 

 river becomes narrower, until it joins the Malizi river (the river of 

 Panjkorah of the maps), near the village of Khwadar-zi, in the 

 country of the Utman Khel. 



No gold is found in the river or its smaller tributaries, unless it be 

 at their sources ; and there are few or no trees on the river's banks, 

 in the whole of the lower parts of the Suwat valley, not a hundred 

 altogether I should say, save in the smaller valleys running at right 

 angles to it. Here and there, one or two may be seen, in fields near 

 the banks, under which the peasants rest themselves, and take their 

 food in the hottest part of the day. It is in the mountains, on the 

 sides of the valley, that trees are numerous. 



The mountains on either side as seen from the broadest part of 

 the valley constituting Lower Suwat are of different degrees of ele- 

 vation. The first, or lower ranges, are of no great height, and of 

 gentle ascent ; and the second are rather more abrupt ; and on these 

 there are, comparatively, few trees, but much grass. The third or 

 higher ranges appear like a wall ; and that to the north is densely 

 covered with pine forests, which are seen overtopping all. 



Firewood is scarce in the lower parts of the valley, and the dry 

 dung of animals is used instead ; but in those smaller valleys at right 

 angles to, and opening out into that of Suwat, there are woods and 

 thickets enough. There are no shrubs or wild trees, such as we call 

 jungle in India, in any part of Lower Suwat, save in these smaller 

 valleys, and in the higher ranges which I did not reach ; and there- 

 fore I cannot speak confidently on that subject. 



The Suwat valley, not including the Kohistan north of Pi'a, is, 

 according to Shaykh Mali's arrangement, divided into two parts, 

 known as bar or Upper, and lar or Lower Suwat, which two divisions 

 are thus defined. From Manyar to the village of Tiitakan towards 



2 M 



