264 An account of Upper and Lower Suwat. [No. 3, 



the mouth of the river, it is termed Lower Suwat ; and from Man- 

 yar northwards to Pi 'a is Upper Suwat. Lower Suwat is hot, and 

 produces little in the shape of fruit, but grows plenty of rice ; has 

 numerous villages ; and is densely populated. Upper Suwat again 

 is cold, and the climate temperate ; but it has few rice-fields ; pro- 

 duces much fruit ; but has fewer villages, and is less densely popu- 

 lated than the other part of the valley. I heard of n© part termed 

 middle Suwat, which you say is mentioned in ElphinstoneV rk 

 and those of others ; the only divisions beyond the two I have 

 named are not recognized, unless we take the boundaries of tribes 

 and Tch-els as such ; but the people of a country know best about 

 such matters ; and I have stated accordingly. No Suvvati would 

 know what middle Suwat means. 



In Lower Suwat rice is extensively cultivated, whilst in Upper 

 Suwat, wheat, bailey, and hajri are the chief grains. As regards 

 temperature and excellence of climate, picturesque beauty, fruits, and 

 game, Upper Suwat, from Munglawar to Cliur-rraey, which I saw 

 myself, is by far the best. The Kohistan beyond is much the same 

 The whole of the upper portion of the valley is intersected, at right 

 angles, by the most picturesque little vales, of about half a mile or 

 less in extent, the very residence in which would be sufficient to 

 make a man happy. Each has its own clear stream running through, 

 towards the main river ; and their banks, on either side, are shaded 

 with fine trees, many of which bear the finest fruit, and beneath 

 which, every here and there, there are fragments of rock where one 

 may sit down. The hills on both sides, up to the very summits, are 

 clothed with forests of pine, whose tops yield a most fragrant smell. 

 Dust is never seen. 



The Suwatis, of Lower Suwat sow all the available land near the 

 river with rice; and that nearer to the hills with jodri (Jiolcus sor- 

 gwni), cotton, tobacco, mash (phaseoltts max), urrcl (pliaseolus 

 onungo), and pctlez, consisting of melons and the like. The higher 

 ground, still nearer the hills, they have appropriated to their villages 

 and burying-grounds ; and numbers of villages, for this reason, have 

 been built close to the hills. However, where the river, in its wind- 

 ings, encroaches more on one side than the other, that is to say, 

 when the river approaches the hills on the right, or lanwdah side of 

 the valley, the left, or wuchali side is more open and expansive ; and 



