1862.] Vestiges of the Kings of Gwalior. 403 



tector of Kaesthas. His reign lasted for only a few years and he 

 was succeeded by his son Madhusudana. The date of Madhusudana's 

 accession is not known, but on the 6th of the waxing moon of 

 Magha, in the year of Vikramarka 1161 = A. C. 1104, i. e. within 

 twelve years after the erection of Mahipala's Jain temple, he dedicated 

 a temple to Mahadeva and repaired a great number of the Hindu 

 sacred edifices of Gwalior. His name and that of his father occur 

 on a large tablet upwards of 6 feet in length on the Mahadeva temple. 

 The record is, like the preceding, inscribed in characters intermediate 

 between the Kutila and the modern Devanagri. Owing to the loss 

 of a portion from the left of the record, it is difficult to make out the 

 context of the whole. (Appendix No. 8.) 



We have no monumental record of the successors of Madhusudana for 

 near a century. According to Tieffenthaler, Shamsuddin, king of 

 Delhi, wrested Gwalior from the Puars and made it over to the 

 Tannvariens, a family of Eajputs who held it as governors for ten 

 generations,* to the time of Humayun. But this is opposed to the 

 statement of Ferishta who says that Kuttabuddin took the fortress 

 in 1193 A. C. Whether the deposed king was a Kachchhapaghata 

 of Madhusudana's line, it is difficult to ascertain ; for we find 

 on Kuttab's death a Tomara prince defying his son Aram and 

 subsequently acknowledging fealty to his brother-in-law Altemish 

 in 1232 A. C. One of the Tomara's built the celebrated fortress of 

 Tomaragarh or Taragarh, and others of the race distinguished them- 

 selves as valiant and able chieftains. They were probably the same 

 with the Tannvariens of Tieffenthaler, but their names do not cor- 

 respond with the roll of the learned Missionary. The oldest monu- 

 mental names of the Tomaras are those of Sankarendra Deva and Naga 

 Sinha. They occur in three short records from the Teli Mandir of 

 Gwalior, which, though undated, we judge from the style of writing to 

 belong to the end of the 13th century. The first name occurs twice 

 (Plate II. figs. 11 and 13), and in both places is mis-spelt, and the 

 second is twice written in the same inscription. (Fig. 12.) The 

 names appear without the usual regal titles. 



* The names are I. Parmaldew ; IT. Adharandew brother of I. (5 years) ; III. 

 Biramdew son of I. (15 years) ; IV. Alhandew (15 years) j V. Barsingdew (75 

 years) ; VI. Dovtngar Sen, (30 years) ; VII. Kirath Sing son of VI. (25 years) ; 

 VIII. Kalian Sing son of VI I. (28 years) ; IX. Man, (50 years) ; X. Bikarmahschit 

 (Vikramaditya ?) son of X. The reigns in some cases appear too long, but for 

 vassals they are not altogether improbable. 



