1862.] Vestiges of the Kings of Gwalior. 405 



to mislection. The follower of Dungara, according to the Rohtas record, 

 was Kirti Sinha (V.) whose counterpart at Narwar is illegible, hut there 

 are traces of two names. Again in the Narwar pillar the successor of 

 Kirti Sinha is Kalyana Malla who in the Rohtas record appears with 

 the mongrel title of Kalyana Shahi, (VI.). The next names at Rohtas 

 are successively, Mana, Shaha (VII.), Vikrama Shaha (VIII.), Rama 

 Shaha (IX.), Salivahana (X.), Syama Shahi (XI.), and Viramitra Sena 

 (XII.) ; of whom the 8th and the 10th appear doubtful on the Narwar 

 Pillar. The last two were brothers and contemporary of Jalaluddfn of 

 Delhi who designated them " the unique heroes." The Rohtas inscrip- 

 tion is dated Samvat 1688 = A. C. 1631, which gives a period of one 

 hundred and sixty years for the eight successors of Dungarendra who 

 reigned in 1453 A. C. How many of Dungara's successors were 

 independent, the family chronicler saj^eth not, but we find from the 

 Mohammedan historians that the Hindus surrendered Gwalior to the 

 forces of the Emperor Ibrahim in 1519 A. C, probably at the time of 

 Rama Shahi, and in 1543, it was taken from the troops of the Emperor 

 Humayun by Sher Khan, his successful competitor for the empire of 

 India. We may fairly drop, therefore, all notice of the feudatories 

 and vassals who succeeded to the throne of Gwalior after the middle 

 of the 16th century. 



To summarise ; according to the rolls of Tieffenthaler we have three 

 dynasties of Hindu princes in Gwalior from 275 to the time of 

 Humayun. The first was named Kachvaha ; it included 85 princes and 

 an aggregate reign of 1028 years from 275 to 1303. It was followed by 

 the Puars, seven of whom took up 103 years and then by the Tann- 

 variens, ten of whom spread over about 250* years. Of these the 

 first has no mention in the records under notice. The oldest names 

 traceable are first Toramana and then his son Pashupati of the 6th 

 century ; next after a large gap a Lord Paramount Bhoja either in the 

 year 676 or 876 ; then after a time we have seven reigns of a race 

 of Puars from 977 to 1104 ; subsequently a Sankarendra and a 

 Naga Sihha without date, then Bilanga Deva in 1410, and lastly 

 the dynasty of Dungarendra Deva including twelve princes. The 

 names may be thus tabulated : 



6th century. Toramana, 1 



r> i, V I suzerains. 

 1 asnupati, J 



* For eight reigns Tieffenthaler gives 242 years. 



