1879.] in Central India. 11 



Although the excavation has heen extended to the solid rock, neither on 

 this nor on any other occasion has any chamber, similar to that of other parts 

 of India, been found beneath the mounds of the Junapani barrows. This I 

 believe is to be accounted for by the fact, that, in the vicinity of these 

 remains, no material like sandstone, which can be easily split and used for 

 the walls of chambers, is to be found. In the basaltic formation of the 

 Nagpur district, trap-boulders are the only stones available, as the contrac- 

 tors who had to build the bridges on the Nagpore Branch of the Cr. I. P. 

 Railway found to their costr. Although these boulders answer admirably for 

 the boundaries of the circles, they are not equally well adapted to the interior 

 chambers. Moreover, the trap rock is here close to the surface, and a cavity 

 for a chamber, even if the stone necessary for its construction were at hand, 

 could only be excavated with the greatest difficulty. Further West and 

 South again, when we come on the sandstone formation, Kistvaens and 

 Cromlechs of sandstone take the place of, or are found in connection with, 

 the stone circles, suggesting the view, that the same class of people in differ- 

 ent parts of the country built Kistvaens, where the easily worked sandstone 

 was procurable, whilst, in the trap region, they contented themselves with 

 the barrows, such as those found at Junapani. 



In addition to the iron implements figured in Plate IV and described 

 above, many other pieces of rusty iron, some of which have no character 

 whatsoever, and the probable use of which it is not easy to conjecture, have 

 been found in the tombs at Junapani, Takulghat, in the Godavary district and 

 elsewhere. Sickles similar to those figured in Col. Meadows Taylor's paper, 

 page 357, Vol. XXIV, of the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, and 

 found by that Officer in the Dekhan, have been dug up by Col. Glasf urd 

 and the late Rev. Stephen Hislop. The barrow opened by Mr. Carey, 

 again, was found to contain bells, the counterpart of those which had been 

 dug up by Col. Meadows Taylor in the same class of tomb, some hundreds 

 of miles further South. 



Similarity between these Tumuli and the Babbows oe Europe. 

 The tumuli at Junapani and the remains found within the barrows 

 having been described, the remarkable resemblance, borne by these tumuli 

 and their contents to the sepulchral mounds and the remains common in 

 other and distant parts of India and in other countries of the world, has 

 to be noticed. 



In the first place, the barrows and their contents near Nagpur are 

 identical in nearly every single detail with those on the Grodavery. In the 

 southern parts of India, where trap boulders are not procurable, the tumuli, 

 as noticed above, take the form of Kistvaens and Cromlechs, sometimes with 

 and sometimes without the stone circles. The remains found within this 

 class of tombs and the position of tombs indicate that they are the burying- 



