4 J. H. Eivett-Carnac — Prehistoric Remains [Xo. 1, 



exactly similar tumuli in Europe are to be seen. And it suggests itself that 

 the boulders were perhaps specially prepared to receive the inscriptions or 

 ornamentation for which these marks were designed. 



So far as can be judged from the present appearance of the stones at 

 Junapani,tbey were certainly in most instances laid lengthways, side by side, 

 round the edge of the circle, in a manner resembling the arrangement of the 

 stones in the Clava Tumulus figured on plate XI of Sir J. Simpson's " Archaic 

 Sculpturings" (see Plate II, fig. 1 and PI. V, fig. 1) a work to which it will 

 be necessary t^make frequent references in the present paper. Mr. Carey 

 was, I believe/Of opinion from the appearance of the stones at the Khy warree 

 barrows examined by him, that the blocks had once been placed on end, and 

 it is not improbable from the position of some of the largest blocks at Juna- 

 pani, that some of these also may have been so placed. One of the stones . 

 covered all over with cup-marks supports this view. It is conical in shape. 

 It is the largest of the many large blocks at Junapani. Its dimensions 

 are as follows ■ length ft. 10 - 3 ; breadth ft. 2*4, and height above the 

 ground as it lies ft. 2 6. This block, and indeed nearly all those surrounding 

 these tumuli have sunk deep into the earth and there is perhaps half as 

 much below the surface of the ground as appears above it. Making 

 allowance for this, the cubic contents of the stone would be say 16,000 

 feet, and taking 200 lbs. to the cubic foot of trap rock, the weight of this 

 stone would be about 8 tons. The stones on the north side of the circle, 

 whence the drainage of the hill is, are deeply imbedded in the earth, and 

 are sometimes hardly to be traced above the ground, the washings of the 

 hill side, carried down by the drainage of ages, having nearly covered them 

 up completely. 



The height of the mounds within the circles of stones is seldom 

 more* than from 3 to 4 feet above the level of the neighbouring 

 ground. There is no doubt, however, that the mounds, now nearly as hard 

 as the rock itself, were originally composed of earth, loosely thrown up, and 

 were consequently much higher than they now are. In the course of many 

 years, perhaps centuries, the boulders, surrounding these mounds, have sunk 

 deep into the hard soil, and during the same period the once loose earth 

 has become consolidated and compressed into its present form. In 

 Plate III one of these barrows is shewn, the stones being ranged round 

 the mound shewn in the background. In the foreground are some boulders 

 of a tumulus that has been disturbed and examined. 



The number, size and position of the barrows will be best explained by 

 the accompanying plan Plate I. It will be noticed, that the largest barrows 

 are generally placed low down on the slope of the hill, the smaller circles, with 

 the smaller stones being grouped on the top, and it suggests itself, that 

 for the former tumuli the large boulders had to be selected from particular 



