1879.] H. L. St. Barbe — Pali Derivations in Burmese. 257 



(a gamma), arum (arammana), nigum : (nigama), saranagum (sarana gama- 

 nam), apud (apada), vevuch (vevachanam), tmnalum (unnalamba ?). 



III. Occasionally some other change occurred in the word, viz. — 



(«.) The Burmese substantive prefix "a" was given. 



IS. g. arup (rupam), arasa (rasam), akhan (khandeti). 



(b.) The initial vowel was dropped. 



PJ. g. pama (upama), lanka. (alankara), dhitthan (adhitthanam), bhissit 

 (abhisito), rahan : (araham), numo (anu modana). 



(c.) Some medial alteration took place. 



P. g. muigh (megha), adhwan (addhana), bhe : (bhaya), sabho (sabhava), 

 galun (garulo), mahut* (muhutta), puthui (thupo ?). For a similar inver- 

 sion compare danchakii : for ckandaku :, krapate for j)rakate, and perhaps 

 rakhuiri for kharuiri. 



The above is a brief and imperfect summary of the methods employed 

 in adapting Pali derivatives to the Burmese vernacular. Some of the 

 changes and modifications were necessitated by the character of the lan- 

 guage ; others were dictated by euphony. I have not here analysed the 

 reasons for any change, nor have I noticed the specialities or alterations of 

 meaning which many words have assumed in their transfer. Such terms as 

 sanbho (a ship), safikan : (a chivara), sankham : (a hermitage), dhuvam 

 (the north star), pariyay (artifice), charit (expenses), joti (a schismatic) can- 

 not be found with such significations in any Pali or Sanskrit dictionary, 

 and a long list of obviously Indie words could be made up comprising such 

 common names as punna : (a Brahmin), muttho (a dagoba), rikkha (provi- 

 sions), purapuik (a slate &c.),koja (an era), prakkadin(an almanack), which 

 are not to be found at all. 



I should mention in concluding that some Pali words are to be found 

 in several forms, such as kammam kam kramma, kaya kaiy, mag magga 

 maggin, sarup rup rupa arup, mit metta, chit cheta, &c. The Burmese are 

 fond also of using a Pali and Burmese word of the same signification to 

 form a sort of aggregative compound. 



H. g. mit-chhue (friends), amin ana (an order), pum-santhan (apjoear- 

 ance), amhu kichcha (business), arap-desa (a place), amyak-dosa (anger), &c. 



These well exemplify the way in which Pali has become interwoven 

 with the common speech and thought of the people. A thorough knowledge 

 of Burmese would necessitate some acquaintance with its Aryan ally, and 

 one could wish to see a dictionary or grammar undertaken with some recog- 

 nition of this fact. 



* This dropping of the " u" is very common in Burmese as patf :, pachchhui :, &c. 

 for put! :, pnehchhui. 



