284 C. J. Eodgers — The Copper Coins of Kashmir. [No. 4, 



971. 1563. Husain Shah. 



986. 1578. Yiisuf Shah. 



997. 1588. Annexation of Kashmir by Akhar. 



Up to the present I have seen neither silver nor copper coins of one 

 of the first five Sultans. The coins in our Plate XIII begin with SiJcandar 

 8hdh. 



No. 1. This coin has the name and titles of the king with bar and 

 knot on the obverse, and on the reverse the legend in Arabic of Zarb-i- 

 Kashmir fi shahur i san. But the year is not legible. There are many 

 features of the reign of each king which it would be interesting to notice, 

 but I will confine myself to the coins. 



No. 2. Zain-ul Abiclin. Obverse. Name and titles of king, with por- 

 tions of a knot at the top. Eeverse. The words Zarb Kashmir in a quar- 

 terfoil, crossing each other. Date on obverse illegible. 



No. 3. Same king. Obverse. Name and titles of king, without bar 

 and knot, in a doublecircle, surrounded with a circle of dots. Eeverse. 

 Zarb -i- Kashmir fi Shahur i san i ahd wa arbain wa Samanmaita = 811 

 A. H. 



No. 4. Same king. Obverse. Zain ul-Abidin Sultan, no bar or knot. 

 Eeverse. Zarb Naib i Amir ul Momanin. 851 A. H. 



This king was to Kashmir pretty much what Firoz Shah and Akbar 

 were to India. He was a great builder and poet. He got the Mahabhara- 

 ta translated into Persian and was a patron of learned men. The rulers of 

 Mecca and Egypt, of Gilan, Iran and Tiiran kept up correspondence with 

 him. He is the only Sultan who calls himself the Ndib of the Amir ul- 

 Mbmanm. 



No. 5. Haidar Shah. Obverse. Name and titles of king with bar 



and knot and the year illegible. Eeverse. Zarb .fi sabain wa 



samanmaita = 87 — . The 4 on the obverse is distinct ; this according to the 

 tables, it ought to be 7. I have two coins of this king. The reverses give 

 no help in solving this difficulty. The second coin has the year on the 

 obverse worn off. 



No. 6. Hasan Shah. Obverse. Name and titles of king, bar and 

 knot. Eeverse. The usual legend, but illegible. 



No. 7. Muhammad Shah. This man began to reign when he was 

 seven years old. Fath Shah the grandson of Zain ul-Abidin came from 

 India and took the throne. These two kings went on fighting for the 

 supreme power for many years. Path Shah gained the throne three times 

 but Muhammad Shah at last drove him away and sat for the fourth time 

 on the throne of his father. The coin has on the obverse the usual name 

 and titles with bar and knot. Eeverse. The year looks like 895. If so 

 this coin was struck during the first period Muhammad reigned. 



