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!onfedera. for 18 1 1, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, and the Grand 



ion of the Duchy of Frankfort, are numbered among the states 



Rlu "^i which compose the Confederation of the Rhine. The 



•"^v*"*"^ population of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw is 2,200,000, 



and its principal towns are Warsaw, Posen, and Broni- 



berg. By the treaty of peace with Austria, in 1800, 



Western Gallicia, an arrondissement round Cracow, the 



circle of Zamosc in Eastern Gallicia, and Wielicza, &c. 



were added to this Grand Duchy. 



The Grand Duchy of Francfort is divided into four 

 prefectures, of which the chief towns are, Francfort on 

 the Mayne, Hanau, Aschaffenbourg, and Fulda. Charles 

 Baron D'Alberg, Archbishop of Ratisbon, and Prince 

 Primate of the Confederation of the Rhine, is Grand 

 Duke of Francfort. The population and superficial 

 extent, and the military and financial state of this dis- 

 trict, have not yet been ascertained. 



The following are the original stipulations which 

 were entered into by the confederated states. 



Art. I. The confederated states are for ever separated 

 from the Germanic body, and united by a particular 

 confederation, under the designation of the " Confede- 

 rated States of the Rhine." 



If. Renounce the laws ; and, 



III. The titles of the empire. 



IV. The elector arch-chancellor takes the title of 

 prince primate and most eminent highness, which title 

 shall convey no prerogative derogatory to the entire 

 sovereignty which every one of the contracting parties 

 shall enjoy. 



V. The elector of Baden, duke of Berg, and land- 

 grave of Hesse Darmstadt, take the title of grand dukes; 

 the chief of the house of Nassau that of duke ; and the 

 count of Leyen that of prince. 



VI. The affairs of the confederation shall be discus- 

 sed in a congress at Frankfort on the Mayne ; divided 

 into two colleges, that of the kings and that of the 

 princes. 



VII. The members of the league must be indepen- 

 dent of every foreign power. They cannot enter into 

 any other service but that of the states of the confede- 

 ration and its allies. Those who have been in the ser- 

 vice of a foreign power, and choose to continue in the 

 same, must abdicate their principality in favour of one 

 of their children, 



VIII. Should any prince be disposed to alienate the 

 whole or any part of his sovereignty, he can only do it 

 in favour of a confederate. 



IX. All disputes are settled in the assembly at Frank- 

 fort, where, 



X. The prince primate presides. But if the two col- 

 leges deliberate separately, he presides in the college of 

 kings, and the duke of Nassau in the college of princes. 



XI. The fundamental statute is to be framed by the 

 prince primate. 



XII. The French emperor is protector of the confe- 

 deration, and names the successor of the prince primate, 



XIII. to XXI. Enumerate the cessions made by mem- 

 bers of the league : thus, Nassau cedes to Berg the town 

 of Deuss and its territory; Bavaria acquires the impe- 

 rial city of Nuremberg and its territory : and, 



XXII. The prince primate receives Frankfort on the 

 Mayne, and its territory, as his property. 



XXIII. and XXIV. Enumerate the lordships over 

 which the members of the confederation exercise the 

 rights of sovereignty. 



XXV. They also enjoy the sovereignty over the im- 

 perial knightdoms included within their boundaries. 



XXVI. The rights of sovereignty consist in legisla- 



tion, administration of justice, military conscription or Boaferya, 

 recruiting, and levying taxes. Confection. 



XXVI f . Regulates the patrimonial or private pro- _ — » — 

 perty of the subordinate princes and counts. Their do- 

 mains cannot be sold or given to any prince out of the 

 confederation, without being first offered to the prince 

 under whose sovereignly they are situated. 



XXVIII. These subordinate princes and counts pre- 

 serve the privilege of being tried by their peers. Their 

 fortune cannot be confiscated, but their revenues may 

 be sequestrated during the life-time of the criminal. 



XXIX. and XXX. Regulate the payment of debts. 



XXXI. The subordinate princes or counts may take 

 up their residence where they choose, and draw their 

 rents or capitals without any reserve. 



XXXII. Public functionaries not retained by the new 

 sovereign, receive a pension proportionate to the situa- 

 tion they held. 



XXXIII. The same takes place with respect to reli- 

 gious orders losing their income. 



XXXIV. The confederates renounce all reciprocal 

 claims, except the eventual right of succession. 



XXXV. Between the Emperor of France and the 

 confederated states there shall be federatively and indi- 

 vidually an alliance, by virtue of which every continental 

 war in which either is engaged shall be common to all. 



XXXVI. In the event of any power making prepa- 

 rations for war, the contracting parties, in orde* to pre- 

 vent surprise, shall, upon the requisition of the minis- 

 ter of one of them at the assembly of the league, arm 

 likewise. And as the contingent of the allies is subdi- 

 vided into four parts, the assembly shall decide how 

 many are to be called into activity. The armament, 

 however, shall only take place upon the summons of 

 the French emperor to each of the confederates. 



XXXVII. The king of Bavaria binds himself to for- 

 tify Augsburgh and Lindau, and to form and maintain 

 artillery and baking establishments in the said places. 



XXXVIII. The contingent of each confederate is: 

 France 200,000 men, Bavaria 30,000, Wirtemberg 

 12,000, Baden 8000, Berg 5000, Darmstadt 4000, Nas- 

 sau, Hohenzollern, and others, 4000, &c. 



XXXIX. Admits of the accession of other German 

 princes; and, 



XL. as the concluding article, stipulates the exchange 

 of the ratifications. (o) 



CONFEDERATION, Helvetic. See the article 

 Switzerland. 



CONFERVA, a genus of plants of the class Crypto- 

 gamia, and order Algae. See Cryptogamia. 



CONFESSION of Faith, simply considered, is the 

 same with creed, and signifies a summary of the prin- 

 cipal articles of belief adopted by any individual or so- 

 ciety. In its more common acceptation, it is restrict- 

 ed to the summaries of doctrine published by particu- 

 lar Christian churches; with the view of preventing 

 their religious sentiments from being misunderstood 

 or misrepresented; or by requiring subscription to 

 them, of securing uniformity of opinion among those 

 who join their communion. Of the lawfulness or ex- 

 pediency of confessions for the latter of these purposes, 

 it is not our intention to treat in the present article ; 

 but shall content ourselves with giving a short account 

 of the most distinguished formulas of Christian faith, 

 both ancient and modern ; noticing as we go along the 

 chief points in which they agree or differ. 



Except a single sentence in one of the Ignatian Epis- Irenseus, 

 ties, which relates exclusively to the reality of Christ's A. D. 180. 

 personality and sufferings in opposition to the Docetae. 



