C u 



308 



COW 



6011 rt 



Gcntancer 



fourr- 

 ■martiaf. 



ciently allowed to name three or four lords of his great 

 council, who might sit and vote with them ; but by 

 the statute 10th Ceo. I. the power of naming these ex- 

 traordinary lords was renounced. The number of 

 judges is therefore fifteen, of whom nine are a quo- 

 rum. By the late statute 4Sth Geo. III. the constitu- 

 tion of the Court of Session received several essential 

 alterations ; the most important of which was its sepa- 

 ration into two divisions or chambers ; the first consist- 

 ing of the lord president and seven of the other judges, 

 the second of the lord-justice-clerk and six judges 

 Several other material alterations have been adopted, 

 of which we shall have occasion to speak in a future 

 article. 



Court-martial is a court authorised by the mutiny 

 act, for the trial of crimes committed by officers or sol- 

 diers in his Majesty's service. A court-martial must 

 consist of at least thirteen judges, all commission offi- 

 cers, of whom the president must be a field-officer. 

 The jurisdiction of this court extends only to points of 

 military discipline ; for in all other matters the milita- 

 ry are amenable to the ordinary courts of law. No 

 appeal lies against the sentence of a court-martial. It 

 is reported to the king, from whom alone any change 

 -er alleviation is to be obtained. Courts-martial, in the 

 sea service, are regulated by the statute 22d Geo. II. 

 c. S3. See Blackstone's Comment, b. iii. ch. 3, 4, 5, 

 and 6, and b. iv. ch. 1 9 ; Jacob's Law Diet. v. Court ; 

 and Erskine's Inst, of the Law of Scotland, b. i. tit. 3. 

 and 4. (z) 



COURTRAY, Cortryck, Corluriacum, a town of 

 France, in the department of the Lys, is situated upon 

 the river Lys, which passes through the town. Cour- 

 tray has been long celebrated for its manufactures, which 

 are still carried on to a very considerable extent. The 

 flax which grows in the neighbourhood has the charac- 

 ter of being the strongest and the finest in Europe, and, 

 from the great attention which has been paid to the 

 processes of weaving and bleaching, the goods which 

 are manufactured from it, are particularly celebrated, and 

 find a ready sale. The manufacture of linen cloth, 

 and table linens, is earned on to a great extent, and the 

 latter are made with every possible variety of patterns. 

 The lace which was made here, in imitation of that of 

 Valenciennes, had a great demand both in France and 

 England, and the manufacture of guingams and siamoi- 

 ses is briskly carried on. .There are also in this town 

 22 bleachfields, 17 for linens, and five for thread, three 

 houses for refining sugar, several soap-works, starch 

 manufactories, breweries, and a manufactory for earth- 

 en ware, which is in great estimation. Population 

 13,372. (V) 



COUTANCES, Constantia, a town of France in 

 the department of La Manche, situated partly on a plain 

 and partly upon a hill, between the rivers Soulle and 

 Bulsare, about two leagues from the embouchure of 

 the former into the ocean. The cathedral of Coutan- 

 ces is reckoned one of the finest Gothic buildings in 

 Europe ; but the town is principally celebrated for its 

 trade and manufactures. Although this town is pecu- 

 liarly fitted for carrying on the woollen manufacture on 

 a very extensive scale, yet woollen goods are made to a 

 very small extent. Druggets made of the wool of the 

 country, and for the dress of the peasants, and a few 

 other woollen goods, ere the only articles of this kind 

 which are made at present. The tanneries of this town, 

 which are established in the Fauxbourg of Soulle, are 

 numerous, and the skins are sent to Paris. Parchment 

 is also manufactured at Coutancesj The trade of the 

 3 



Cowley. 



place consists chiefly of corn, butter, poultry, horses Gout,area 

 and cattle. Population 8507. (^) 



COUTAREA, a genus of plants of the class Hexan- 

 dria, and order Monogynia. See Botany, p. 194. 



COUTOUBEA, a genus of plants of the class Pen- 

 tandria, and order Monogynia. See Botany, p. 132. 

 COW. See Dairy and Mammalia. 

 COWBRIDGE, the name of a market-town in 

 South Wales, in the county of Glamorgan, situated in 

 a fertile and delightful valley called the vale of Glamor- 

 gan. The town, which consists of one street about 

 three quarters of a mile long, is tolerably well builtj 

 though badly paved, and has a town hall where the 

 quarter sessions are annually held, a county bridewell, 

 and a handsome parish church. One of the gates of 

 the ancient stone walls, which was built in 1091 by Ro- 

 bert de St Quintin, still remains, and adorns the part of 

 the town where it stands. The free school of Cowbridge 

 was endowed by Sir Llewellyn, or Leolinus Jenkins, 

 secretary of state in the reign of Charles II. " He was 

 not," says Mr Malkin, " as has been erroneously statedj 

 the founder ; but, on the contrary, his benevolence was 

 probably directed to this object by the recollection that 

 he had derived the first elements of his great know- 

 ledge from this source. He may, however, be consi- 

 dered here also as a second founder, for it is to him 

 that the young men on the foundation owe, in addition 

 to a small annual stipend while at school, the probabi- 

 lity of enjoying considerable advantages in Jesus Col- 

 lege, Oxford, where there are two fellowships, two 

 scholarships, and an exhibition, exclusively confined to 

 students educated at this school. Its literary reputa- 

 tion has kept pace with its academical advantages, un- 

 der a succession of able masters." There is likewise at 

 Cowbridge a good school for reading, writing, and ac- 

 counts. The Glamorganshire races are held on the 

 heath, near Cowbridge, and at Cardiff, alternately. 

 There are no manufactories in Cowbridge, but it ap- 

 pears to have been once of much greater extent, and 

 to have had a monastery, which is said to have bee« 

 converted into an university. The town is governed by 

 two bailifs, 12 aldermen, and 12 common-council men. 

 Population, in 1811, 850. Number of houses 166. 

 See Malkin's Scenery, Antiquities, and Biography of 

 South Wales, vol i. p. 179, 180, and vol ii. p. 538; and 

 Evan's Cambrian Itinerary, (k>) 

 COWES. See Wight, Isle of 

 COWLEY, Abraham, was the posthumous son of a 

 grocer in London, and was born in l6l^. His mother, 

 though left a poor widow, found means to get him edu- 

 cated at Westminster-school, and he afterwards obtain- 

 ed a scholarship at Cambridge. In the window of his 

 mother's apartment lay Spenser's Fairy Queen, in which 

 he very early took delight to read, till, by feeling the 

 charms of verse, he became, as he relates, irrecoverably 

 a poet. He was indeed one of those poets who lisped 

 in numbers. At ten years old, he wrote his tragic his- 

 tory of Pyramus and Thisbe, and at fifteen published a 

 volume of poetry. At Cambridge, while yet a young 

 student, he wrote the greater part of his Davideis, and 

 published his comedy of Love's Riddle, with another in 

 Latin, entitled the Navfragium Jocular e; and, for the 

 entertainment of the prince, as he passed through Cam- 

 bridge on his way to York, drew the rough sketch of a 

 piece called the Guardian, which was repeated by the 

 scholars. In 1643, being now master of arts, he was 

 ejected from the university by the parliamentary visi- 

 tants, and taking refuge at Oxford, assailed his public 

 enemies in a satire, entitled the Puritan and Papist. 



