CRO 



371 



CRO 



Cross 



Texture. 



PlATE 



CCXX. 



I'ig. 5. 



municated to the latter. This connection is made mere- 

 ly by a strong wire passing through an eye in the shaft, 

 so as to effect the horizontal without impeding the ver- 

 tical motion, and is distinguished by G. Instead of 

 the rack, the quantum of motion is now regulated by 

 grooves cut in the edge of a wooden wheel, which re- 

 volves upon its own axis, and may be attached to any 

 convenient part of the sword of the lay. That which 

 is here represented, is placed below merely for the sake 

 of conveniency, as many weavers use them above the 

 level of the cloth and warp. The wheel is represented 

 at the letter D, and as much of it appears as can be 

 visible, the remainder being concealed by the interven- 

 tion of the other apparatus and the posts of the loom. 

 A piece of wood or metal H, being screwed to the 

 needle-shaft, a small cross pin in its lower extremity 

 enters into a groove cut in the flat side of the wheel D; 

 and the pressure of this pin upon the wheel at either 

 side of the groove, regulates the extent of the shift at 

 either extremity. The revolution of the wheel is effect- 

 ed by a small catch pulling the rachet on the circum- 

 ference of the wheel D, by means of a cord attached 

 to the extremity of the same lever, which elevates the 

 needle shaft. The groove in D being cut suitably for 

 the pattern intended, a fresh part is presented to the 

 pin H, when every successive shift takes place, and 

 thus any pattern may be formed. The groove is cut 

 from the common design paper described in the gene- 

 ral article Cloth Manufacture; and the whole art of 

 marking it out consisting merely in transferring the 

 straight lines of which the design paper consists, so as 

 to suit the circular form of the wheel, the following 

 brief directions may perhaps be deemed sufficient for 

 that purpose if carefully studied. 



If the pattern be drawn upon design paper to cover 

 six threads, these six threads may be represented by 

 three divisions of the design paper, or any number 

 may be taken at pleasure, according to the range of 

 the pattern. To transfer the pattern, the wheel must 

 be marked by the following rules : 



1st, Divide the circumference of the wheel into as 

 many equal parts as crossings of the whip are required 

 to complete the figure or figures intended by one revo- 

 lution. Draw radii from the centre to the circumfe- 

 rence, and cut the rachet into as many teeth as there 

 are radii. This part of the operation is to be executed, 

 by counting the spaces on the design from top to bot- 

 tom, and ascertains the number of crossings in the 

 whole design. 



2d, Describe a series of concentric circles, equal to 

 the number of spaces included by the pattern from 

 right to left upon the design, and the divisions will be 

 completed. 



Now, as the radii diverging from the centre repre- 

 sent the number of shifts, it is only necessary to ascer- 

 tain the breadth of each ,• and these may be found by 

 counting the number of spaces on the design, and 

 marking off the same number of concentric circles on 

 the wheel, and joining the marks by oblique lines, and 

 the limits of the groove will be marked, to which must 

 be added, a space equal to the diameter of the pin 

 which is to work in the groove. The groove being 

 then cut between the marks to a convenient depth, the 

 wheel will be complete, and may contain any number 

 of flowers, either similar, or dissimilar that the projec- 

 tor pleases. 



When the pattern is so disposed, it is proper to have 

 an easy and expeditious way of disengaging the needle 

 *haft from the lay, so that it may remain at rest while 



the interval is wrought plain. This is effected in va- 

 rious ways ; and as it differs in no respect from the ma- 

 ny well known plans for engaging and disengaging 

 machinery of many different kinds, it is unnecessary 

 to go into detail about it in this place. 



The last extension of this species of weaving con- 

 sists in using: a number of different frames at the same 

 time ; and as this is only a very obvious extension ot 

 the same principle, a few cursory remarks may be suf- 

 ficient. 



The common double frame lappet is wrought with 

 two shafts or frames, by means of a rack, as already 

 described. This apparatus merely doubles and inverts 

 the pattern, and all the additional apparatus consists' 

 merely of another frame of needles parallel to the first. 

 From the extremity of the first frame, which is acted 

 upon' by the rack, a small cord is taken over a pulley, 

 and tied to the second. A small weight hung from the 

 other extremity of the second frame, by a cord passing 

 over a pulley, preserves the tension of the connecting 

 cord, and, by its own gravity, moves the frame in an 

 inverted direction to the former. By the wheel, 3 

 boundless variety might be produced ; for were a num- 

 ber of wheels placed upon the same axis, to operate at 

 the same time upon distinct and independent frames, 

 not even the complicated machinery of the draw-loom 

 could be rendered productive of greater effect. Upon 

 the whole, the application of the traverse wheel to 

 the art of weaving, though still very imperfectly un- 

 derstood by the operative weavers, who alone employ 

 their talents for the improvement of the manufacture, 

 is the engine to which the intelligent mechanic may 

 rationally look, both for the extension, improvement, 

 and simplification of liis machinery in every branch of 

 the art. (j. d.) 



CROSSOSTYLIS, a genus of plants of the class 

 Monodelphia, and order Polyandria. See Botany, p. 

 268. 



CROTALARIA, a genus of plants of the class Dia- 

 delphia, and order Decandria. See Botany, p. 276*. 



CROTCHEY, or Corachie, a sea-port town of Per- 

 sia, in the province of Scind. It is situated 1 7 miles 

 east by south of Cape Monze, at the head of a bay, 

 which affords good shelter for shipping, and about a 

 mile from the side of a small creek, which can admit 

 only boats. This town is known by several little islands 

 to the northward, and by a white pagoda, built upon 

 a promontory, which bounds the west side of the har- 

 bour, and resembles an island when seen from a dis- 

 tance. Vessels enter the bay between the promontory 

 and the largest island. In order to anchor in the out- 

 side road, and to avoid the foul ground, the pagoda 

 must be brought to bear N. W. by N. From this an- 

 chorage the town is six miles distant. The harbour is 

 defended on the western point of its entrance by a cas- 

 tle, built in 1801, on which are mounted a few pieces 

 of unserviceable cannon. The streets of the town are 

 narrow and filthy, and the houses, which are built of 

 mud and straw, with flat roofs of the same materials, 

 are fitted only to afford shelter from the sun. 



Owing to the nature of the soil, which is sandy and 

 stony, there are almost no vegetables for 40 miles round. 

 The soil may be cultivated during the rains. A few 

 date trees, which never bring their fruit to perfection, 

 grow in the immediate neighbourhood of the town ; 

 and lemons, mangoes, grapes, plantains, as well as wa- 

 ter, and musk melons, are produced ; but the only ve- 

 getables are a small quantity of carrots, radishes, pump- 

 kins, and brinjal. The water is brackish. Fuel and 



4 



Cross 

 Texture 



II 

 Crouhey. 



