396 



CRUSTACEOLGGY. 



$:„ ALBU- 

 NEA. 



Symnista. 



34. RE MI- 

 TES. 



Tcsludina- 

 rius. 



• -.-.-en. Genus XXXII. Ranina. All the feet, except the 



r*- 1 brachia or arms, formed for swimming, two pair being 



.RisiNA. placed above the others- Hand without the thumb ; 

 the finger much bent or arched ; hands from the base 

 to their extremities, gradually broader and much com- 

 pressed. 

 Serrata. Sp. 1. Scrrala. Anns very spiny ; anterior margin 



of the shell with toothed lobes. 



Cancer raninus of Linne and Fabricius ; Ranina ser- 

 rala of Latreille. 



Inhabits the Indian Ocean. 

 Dorsipcf. Sp. 2. Dorsipes. Anterior margin of the shell with 

 seven teeth ; the hands with a feAV tooth-like processes. 

 Cancer dorsipes of Linne ; Albunea dorsipes of Fabri- 

 cius ; Ranina dorsipes of Latreille. 



Family IX. Pagurii. 



* Peduncle of the anterior antennae much shorter 

 than the two articulated setae. Hands with one finger 

 or none Some of the feet formed for swimming, the 

 last joint being compressed and leaf-shaped. 



Genus XXXlII. Albunea. Hands with one fin- 

 ger. Hinder feet minute, filiform, and spurious ; the 

 last joint of the other feet compressed and hooked. 



Sp. 1. Symnista. Anterior part of the shell smooth. 



Cancer symnista, Linne ; Albunea symnista of Fabri- 

 cius and Latreille. 



Genus XXXIV. Remipes. Arms shorter than the 

 second pair of feet ; last joint hooked. The upper 

 part rather convex. The feet, with the exception of 

 those mentioned, formed for swimming. 



Sp. 1. Tesludinarius. Shell about an inch in length, 

 rather oval, of a reddish yellow colour, finely wrink- 

 led ; the anterior part with five teeth, the middle be- 

 ing shortest. Eyes placed on a very slender cylindri- 

 cal peduncle, and inserted under the lateral teeth of 

 the anterior margin. The middle antennas somewhat 

 bent backwards, ciliated with fine hair, and furnished 

 with a thick peduncle. The exterior antennae bent in- 

 wards under the others, with its peduncle flattened and 

 jointed, having an elongated hairy footstalk. 



Remipes lestudinarius, Latreille ; Hippa adaclyla of 

 Fabricius? 



Inhabits New Holland. 



Genus XXXV. Hippa. Hands compressed, oval, 

 and simple. The tarsus of the second and third pair 

 of feet lunated ; of the fourth triangular ( rarely sub- 

 quadrate) ; the posterior feet minute, spurious, and fi- 

 liform. 



Sp. 1. Emeritus. Tail inflexed ; the last joint oval. 



Cancer emeritus of Linne ? Hippa emeritus of Fabri- 

 cius and Latreille. 



Inhabits the Indian Seas. 



** Peduncle of the interior antennae longer than the 

 two articulated setae. Feet formed for walking. The 

 tarsi conic. Hands compound, furnished with a finger 

 and thumb. 



Genus XXXVI. Pagurus. This being the only 

 genus of the division hitherto discovered, no generic 

 character is necessary. All the species are parasitical, 

 inhabiting the empty cavities of turbinated shells, the 

 animals of which they are supposed to attack and devour, 

 to gain possession of their shell. They change their ha- 

 bitation with their growth, first occupying the shells of 

 the common periwinkle or trochus, then perhaps a ne- 

 i ite as large as a walnut, and after that a whelk. The 

 tail is naked and slender, being covered only with a skin 

 of very delicate texture ; but it is furnished at the ex- 

 tremity with one or more hooks, by means of which it 



Emeritus. 



■■<?. Pacu- 



R(!9. 



secures itself to the shell which it makes choice of. It Crustacti. 



is really astonishing with what facility these animals > -»~y-~' 



move, bearing at the same time the shell, which serves 



them as a covering, on their back. All the species are 



termed indiscriminately Soldier-crabs and Hermit-crabs, 



from the idea of their living in a tent, or retiring to a 



cell. 



Sp. 1. Bernhardus. Arms hairy and rough, the right Berninr- 

 ( generally) largest; hands somewhat heart-shaped ; dus. 

 fingers broad. The appendix of the exterior antenna 

 somewhat produced. 



Cancer bernhardus of Linne and Pennant. Pagurus 

 bernhardus of Fabricius and Latreille. 



The common soldier-crab of our seas. It was not un- 

 known to the ancients; Aristotle has very accurately 

 described it under the name kx^kiv^v. 



A variety with equal claws sometimes occurs. It is 

 considered by the vulgar as the young of the common 

 lobster; it rarely exceeds six inches in length, from the 

 tip of the claw to the tail. 



Sp. 2. Aranciformis. Resembling the foregoing spe- Araneifo.-- 

 cies, but only one fourth its size. mis- 



Inhabits the shells of smaller univalve testacea. It is 

 not uncommon in the Frith of Forth, where it was first 

 observed by Charles Stewart, Esq. and described by 

 him in a work entitled Elements of Natural History, 

 under the name Cancer aranciformis. It differs from the 

 foregoing species merely in size ; and is considered by 

 Mr Leach, who found several of them in spawn (at 

 Porto-Bello near Edinburgh, after a hard easterly wind, 

 and now has them in his collection) as the young of 

 Bernhardus ; most of the Crustacea having the power of 

 producing young before they attain their full growth. 



Sp. 3. Latro. Shell at the suture four-cleft ; tail Latro. 

 simple and ventricose beneath. 



Cancer latro of Linne. 



Inhabits the East Indies, living in holes and cavities 

 of rocks, from whence it wanders abroad in the night, 

 and is said to climb cocoa-nut trees, in order to procure 

 the fruit, which it throws down, and then descending 

 tears them open with the two fore claws. The flesh is 

 eaten by the natives after the entrails are removed, 

 which they think poisonous. Probably referable to ano- 

 ther genus. 



Sp. 4. Diogenes. Hands rough and pubescent ; left Diogene?. 

 hand largest. 



Pagurus diogenes of Fabricius. Cancer diogenes of 

 Gmelin. 



Inhabits the Indian seas, and is called by the natives 

 Garni na alKoona. The general colour when alive is 

 pale-testaceous, or yellow-brown. 



" It is very diverting to observe this animal when 

 about to change its shell, at which time it is seen busily 

 parading the shore along that line of pebbles and shells 

 which is formed by the extremest wave : still, however, 

 dragging its own incommodious habitation at its tail, 

 unwilling to part with one shell, even though a trouble- 

 some appendage, till it can find another more conve- 

 nient. It is seen stopping at one shell, turning it and 

 passing it by ; going on to another, contemplating that 

 for a while, and then slipping its tail from its old habi- 

 tation to try on the new ; this also is found inconve- 

 nient, and it quickly returns to its old shell again. In 

 this manner it frequently changes, till at last it finds 

 one light, roomy, and commodious ; to this it adheres, 

 though the shell be sometimes so large as to hide the 

 body of the animal, claws and all. Yet it is not till 

 after many trials and many combats also, that the sol- 

 dier is thus completely equipped : for there is often a 



