CRUSTACEOLOGY. 



397 



C'rvwtacea conteM. between two of them for some well-looking fa- 

 >— ~^— »■ vourite shell for which they are rivals. They endea- 

 vour both to take possession ; they strike with their 

 claws, they bite each other till the weakest is obliged 

 to give up the object in dispute. It is then the victor 

 immediately takes possession, and parades in his new 

 conquest three or four times back and forward upon the 

 strand before his envious antagonist." 



When taken, it is said to utter a feeble cry, endea- 

 vouring to seize the enemy with its nij>pers ; which, if 

 it fastens upon, it will sooner die than quit the grasp. 



They frequent those parts of the sea-shore which are 

 covered with shrubs and trees, producing various wild 

 fruits, on which they subsist; though they will also feed 

 on garbage of all kinds when much in want of food. 

 When roasted in the shell they are esteemed delicate 

 food. 

 CtHtos. g.^ % Cuslos. Left claw largest ; hand smooth ; legs 



with very long smooth claws. 



Pagurus cuslos of Fabricius, described by him from a 

 specimen in the museum of Daldorff; much akin to the 

 following species, but distinct. 



Inhabits the East Indies. 

 Miles. Sp. 6. Miles. Left hand largest ; hand rough and tu- 



berculated on each side ; legs with very long serrated 

 claws. 



Pagurus milrs of Fabricius. 



Inhabits the East Indies. 

 Aniculus. Sp. 7. Aniculus. Thorax ovate, ciliated at the sides ; 

 legs rugose and hairy. 



Pagurus aniculus of Fabricius, described from a spe- 

 cimen in the Banksian cabinet. 



Inhabits the South Seas. 

 Tubularis. Sp. 8. Tuhi.laris. Body nearly cylindrical ; shell 

 with excavated dots. 



Cancer tubularis of Linne. Pagurus tubularis of Fa- 

 bricius. 



A native of the Mediterransan Sea, inhabiting the 

 shell of Serpulet glornerata. 

 Dculatns. Sp. 9- Oculattts. Hands equal and rough; peduncles 



of the eyes as long as the thorax, with a small tooth at ' 

 the base. Arms with a blood red spot on each. 



Pagurus cculalus of Fabricius. 



Inhabits the empty shell of Murex brandaris, and is 

 about six inches in length when full grown, 

 latus. Sp. 10. Alatus. Hands smooth, with three wing- 



like processes ; right hand largest. 



Pagurus alatus of Fabricius. 



This species was discovered in Iceland by Dr Kbenig. 

 It is rather smaller than Pagurus bcrnhardus ; under side 

 of the wrist rugose. 

 o,,,,,-,, Sp. 11. Canaliculatus. Hands and wrists grooved, 

 tus. with elevated serrated margins ; legs with hairy tutts. 



Cancer canaliculatus of Herbst. 



The habitat of this species is very doubtful. 



Family X. Palinurini. 



* The two anterior feet simple, with conic tarsi, ra- 

 ther larger than the others, but of the same form. Hand, 

 without the finger. Exterior antennae not inserted be- 

 hind the eyes. 

 S7. Scyl. Genus XXXVII. Scyllarus. Exterior antenna? 

 with broad squamiform joints, resembling a crest. Eyes 

 distant. 



Sp. 1. halm. Shell granulated; squamiform joint 

 of the external antennae entire. 



Scyllarus latui of Latreille, who supposes it to be dis- 

 tinct from Scyllarus austratis of Fabricius ; and as this 

 is ihe opinion of the London collectors also, we have 



followed him in giving the above name, and adopted it 

 as a distinct species. 



Sp. 2. Australis. Plates of the antennae roundish 

 and smooth. 



Discovered in the South Seas by Sir Joseph Banks, 

 from whose collection Fabricius chew the above vague 

 description ; and as the plates of the antennae were ta- 

 ken away by Fabricius, we cannot pronounce, with that 

 degree of certainty we could wish, this to be really suf- 

 ficiently distinct from Scyllarus latus: 



Sp. 3. Arctus. Plates of the antenna? aculeated and 

 hairy ; the anterior part of the shell in front, with five 

 spines. 



Cancer arctus of Linne. Astacus arctus of Pennant. 

 Scyllarus arctus of Fabricius and Latreille. 



Inhabits the European ocean. It is rather larger than 

 Astacus marinus (the common lobster). The shells are 

 tuberculated, of a brown colour, spotted with yellow ; 

 legs spotted ; thighs spinous. — It is very rare in Eng- 

 land, if ever found on the coast, which we doubt. 



Sp. 4. Trideniatus. Shell dentated above ; the squa- 

 miform of the external antennae with three strong teeth. 



Its habitat is unknown. The above description was 

 copied from the manuscripts of Mr William Elford 

 Leach, who observed it in the collection of W T illiam 

 Comyns, Esq. of Mount Pleasant, near Dawlish, De- 

 vonshire. 



Observation. Fabricius has described three other 

 species under this genus, which being unknown to Bri- 

 tish collectors, and unnoticed by other authors who have 

 written on this branch of natural history, we can only 

 describe them in the words of the author. 



" Sp. 5. Antarcticus. Rough and hairy ; thorax and 

 plates of the antennae serrated and ciliated. Inhabits 

 India. 



" Sp. 6. Mquinoclialis. Rough ; thorax and plates 

 of the antennae wrinkled. Inhabits South America. 



" Sp. ". Orientalis. Rough ; anterior part of the 

 thorax on each side armed with three spines. Inhabits 

 the East Indies." 



Genus XXXVIII. Palinurus. External antennae 

 very long and setaceous. Peduncle of the eye trans- 

 versely broad. 



Sp. I. Vulgaris. Spines placed over the e3 r es, which 

 spines arc dentated below ; the segments of the abdo- 

 men with a transverse impressed line, which is inter- 

 rupted in the middle. 



Palinurus quadricornis of Fabricius. Palanuris vul- 

 garis of Latreille. 



Inhabits the Mediterranean Sea. 



Sp. 2. Homarus. Thorax prickly on the anterior 

 part, with two spines in front ; base of the antennae 

 spinous. 



Cancer Homarus of Linne. Astacus homarus of Fa- 

 bricius. 



Inhabits our rocky coasts, is taken for food, and com- 

 monly sold in London under the name of Thorny Lob- 

 ster. 



Astacus homarus of Pennant. 



** Two anterior feet different from the rest, being 

 furnished with a finger and thumb; hand compressed; 

 hinder feet minute. Exterior antennae inserted behind 

 the eyes. The middle lamella of the tail either divided 

 into two by a longitudinal groove, or the posterior mar- 

 gin notched. 



Genus XXXIX. Porcellana. Shell of a roundish 

 square form. The internal side of the basilary joint of 

 the internal footstalk of the external double palpi, dilated. 



Sp. 1. Hexamts. The anterior margin of the shell 



Crustacea. 

 Australi". 



Arctus, 



Tridenu 

 tus. 



Antarcti- 

 cus. 



JEquinoc- 



tiahs. 



Orientalis. 



38. Pjii.t- 



NURUS. 



Vulgaris, 



Homarus 



39. Por, 



CELLAN I. 



Hexapusi 



