398 



CRUSTACEOLOGY. 



Crustace*. 



I.ongfcor- 



1)13. 



Platyche- 



les. 



40. Gala- 



THEA. 



Strigosa. 



Sqinmi. 

 fera. 



'Bamfia. 



CF€_aria. 



•with three wrinkled processes ; the middle tootli being 

 deeply notched. Arms smooth. 



Cancer kexapus of Linne and Fabricius. Porcellana 

 hexapus of Latreille. 



Inhabits the European Ocean ; is very common 'on our 

 coasts, being frequently thrown ashore after a storm, 

 adhering to the roots of Fucus digitattis. 



Sp. 2. Longicornis. Clypeus with three wrinkled 

 teeth, the middle tooth being entire. Arms striated. 



Cancer longicornis. Linne. 



Inhabits the European Ocean. 



Sp. 3. Philych'les. Anterior margin of the shell with 

 three entire teeth ; the arms very large ; the internal 

 sides of the wrists with teeth ; hands externally ciliated. 



Cancer platychdcs of Pennant, Porcellana platycheles 

 of Latreille. 



Inhabits the European Ocean. 



It was discovered by Mr Pennant in Anglesea and 

 the Hebrides, and described by him in his British 

 Zoology. Some naturalists have supposed it to be Can- 

 cer hexapus of Linne. It is found on the coast of De- 

 vonshire at low tide, adhering to the under side of large 

 stones. 



Genus XL. Galathea. Shell oval. The basilary 

 joint of the internal peduncle of the external double 

 palpi, neither plain nor dilated on its internal margin. 



Sp. 1. Strigosa. Upper part of the hands, wrists, 

 and arms ciliated with spines on every side : under side 

 of the hands as if plaited ; -hairy between the fingers ; 

 rostrum with seven dents. 



Cancer strigosus of Linne and Pennant. Galathea 

 slrigosa of Fabricius and Latreille; 



Inhabits the European Ocean; is very common on 

 several of our rocky coasts, being known by the name 

 of Plaited Lobster. It is very active, and when taken, 

 flaps its tail against its body with great violence and 

 noise. Upper part when alive, brown inclining to red- 

 dish brown, with the sutures blue. Length six inches. 



Sp. 2. Squamifera. Hands plaited, with their external 

 margin spiny ; wrists and arms plaited, internal margin 

 armed with strong spines. Rostrum with seven dents. 



Inhabits England. 



Astacus squamifer, Montagu's MSS. 



A new species discovered by Montagu on the south 

 coast of Devon, where it \s by no means uncommon. 

 The above characters will point out their specific cha- 

 racters with sufficient accuracy. It has probably been 

 confounded with Galathea strigosa, from which it is 

 however very distinct. Length five inches. 



Sp. 3. Bamfia. Thorax anteriorly wrinkled and 

 spiny ; rostrum widi three teeth : arms very long and 

 slender. 



Galathea rugosa of Fabricius, Astacus bamfius of Pen- 

 nant, Cancer rugosus of Gmelin. 



Inhabits the European Ocean. 



It was discovered in this country by the Rev. Mr 

 Cordiner, near Banff, and sent to Mr Pennant; two 

 others have since occurred on the same coast, which are 

 preserved in the collections of Donovan and Sowerby. 

 Length of tail and body five inches; arms six inches and 

 a half. 



Observe. Two other species are described under this 

 generic title by Fabricius, but as they have never come 

 under our inspection, we conceive it better to describe 

 them in his words ; as they may be referable to some 

 other genus. 



" Sp. 4. Gregaria. Thorax with ciliated plates; 

 snout with three teeth; anterior feelers very long. Fa- 

 bricius. Much smaller than the preceding species (i. e. 

 Galathea slrigosa and rugosa.) 



" Inhabits the sea round Patagonia, where it occurs CrustaeeS. 

 in such vast shoals that the sea appears perfectly red ; S """"Y"™*^ 

 that being the prevailing colour of them when alive : it 

 has a brown spot on the back ; hand claws rough. Do- 

 ?wvan. 



" Sp. 5. Amplectens. Thorax smooth ; rostrum Very Amplec- 

 short and notched ; middle pair of legs very long. The tens, 

 body is small, whitish, and transparent, dotted with red. 

 Thorax smooth, roundish behind, and broad, narrowing 

 towards the front ; four cetaceous antennae, which are 

 very long ; abdomen of five segments ; middle process 

 or lamella of the tail tongue-shaped. 



" This kind is luminous at night ; it inhabits the At- 

 lantic near the coast of Brasil." Fabricius. 



Family II. Astacini. 



Division 1. Hands compound, that is furnished with 

 a finger and thumb. 



* Antennae inserted under the eyes, furnished with 

 two articulated setae. 



Genus XLI. Astacus. Antennae inserted in nearly 41. Asta» 

 the same transverse horizontal line; the peduncle of the cus * 

 exterior either supported by a small lamella or none. 

 Six anterior feet compound ; the anterior ones largest. 

 The middle table of the swimming tail-fin broader at 

 the base than at the apex. 



In A. gammarus and fluviatilis the external antennae 

 are simple, in Norvcgicus furnished with a scale at their 

 external base : this last is considered as a distinct genus 

 by Mr Leach, under the name of Nephrops, from the 

 kidney shaped eye. 



Sp. 1. Gammarus. Shell, tail, and feet, smooth, beau- Gammarus, 

 tifully studded with minute excavated dots. Sides of 

 the rostrum with four or more teeth, a strong tooth 

 likewise at the base on each side. Eyes globose, or ra- 

 ther hemispherical. Hands with four, five, or six teeth 

 on their internal margin. Tarsi beautifully ornament- 

 ed with tufts of hair. Exterior lamella of the tail, at 

 the junction of the accessory plate, with distinct obtuse 

 spines. Ciliae of the tail testaceous. Colour, when alive, 

 purplish-black, often inclining to violet,. elegantly mot- 

 tled, (particularly on the under side,) with white ; 

 cream white and reddish. One claw always larger than 

 the other ; the fingers of one armed internally with mi- 

 nute teeth, of the other with tubercles. 



Cancer gammarus of Linne. Astacus gammarus of 

 Pennant. Astacus marinus of Fabricius and Latreille. 



The middle lamella of the tail, in the male with the 

 apex nearly straight, in the female rounded. 



Inhabits the European Ocean ; is the common lobster 

 of our markets. It is found in great abundance on the 

 north coast of Scotland, particularly amongst the Ork- 

 ney Isles; but it is far more frequent on the coast of 

 Norway, from whence the metropolis is well supplied 

 at most seasons of the year, and these are generally pre- 

 ferred for the table. 



Little can be said with regard to the natural history 

 of the lobster beyond what has already been stated by 

 Mr Pennant, and his friend Mr Travis of Scarborough. 

 We shall therefore avail ourselves of the observations 

 of these gentlemen, and detail at full length all they 

 have remarked, but we cannot vouch for the perfect 

 accuracy of all their observations. 



" The habitation of this species is in the clearest 

 water at the foot of rocks which impend over the sea. 

 This has given opportunity of examining more closely 

 into the natural history of this animal than many others^ 

 who live in an element that prohibits most of the hu- 

 man researches, and limits the inquiries of the most in- 

 quisitive : Lobsters are found on most of the shores of 



