400 



CRUSTACEOLOGY 



NorvegU 



CU3. 



ftriutacea. though surprising, is nevertheless true ; lobsters as well 

 """""V""''' as crabs will renew their claws, if by accident they 

 should be torn off, within the space of a few weeks after 

 the mischief has happened. 



A small lobter, according to Mr Pennant, differing 

 in nothing but size from the above, is found near Llyn 

 in Caernarvon shire, where it burrows in the sand ; from 

 which last circumstance, we suspect it to be distinct, 

 and well worth the examination of any naturalist who 

 may happen to visit that place. 



The lobster was well known to the ancients, and is 

 well described by Aristotle, under the name ccrrctxt;. 

 Huwatilii. g p 2 Fluviatilis. Rostrum toothed. Hands tuber- 

 culated. 



Cancer astacus of Linne. Astacus astacus of Pennant. 

 Astacus Jluvialilis of Fabricius and Latreille. 



Inhabits the rivers of Europe, especially such as have 

 a clayey bottom. It is the common craw-fish of English 

 writers, and is much esteemed as food. They excavate 

 holes for themselves in the banks of rivers in which 

 they live, only coming abroad at night in search of 

 food, which consists of vegetable as well as animal mat- 

 ters ; they are taken by means of nets, whicii are spread 

 across the waters which they frequent, or by the hand. 

 Colour, when alive, dark brown approaching to black. 



Sp. ?>. Norvegictis. Rostrum acute, with many spines 

 on each side ; shell somewhat spiny in front ; from 

 which three longitudinal ridges arise. Hands angular, 

 the angles tuberculated. Wrists spiny. Eyes kidney- 

 shaped. Tarsi hairy. . Accessory process of the tail at 

 the base acutely spincd. Tail elegantly marked with 

 smooth and short-haired spaces placed alternately. 



Cancer norivegicus of Linne. Astacus norroegicus of 

 Pennant. Nephrops norvegica, Leach's MSS. 



Inhabits the northern parts of Europe ; is found in 

 the Frith of Forth during the summer months, often 

 attaching itself to the lines of the fishermen. Like the 

 common lobster, it has one claw large, the other Small; 

 a variety with equal claws sometimes occurs. Colour, 

 when alive, flesh red. 

 4-2. Tha- Genus XLII. Tiialassina. Antennae inserted in 

 lassina. nearly the same horizontal line. The "four anterior feet 



compound, the first or front pair largest. 

 Scabra. Sp. 1. Scabra. Shell oval, sides compressed, and 



spiny. Back with two longitudinal furrows, one on each 

 side ; these converge towards the posterior margin, and 

 include another very deep groove. Tail cylindrical, a 

 little longer, and much narrower than the shell ; corn- 

 nosed of six segments (not including the fin) very con- 

 vex above, with the lateral margin dilated, wrinkled, and 

 rounded ; the first five with an elevated carina or ridge, 

 the fin segment with narrow, acute, and sharp appen- 

 dices. The feet compressed, with the posterior and an- 

 terior margins denticulated; the four anterior feet ciliated 

 with hairs ; right arm largest ; hands oval, and tubercu- 

 lated, with teeth above and below ; the thumb compres- 

 d and rounded. This genus was instituted by the illus- 

 trious Latreille, in his work entitled Genera Crustaceo- 

 ■rnm ct Inseclorum, who describes the above species from 

 a specimen in the museum of natural history in Paris. 

 Mr Leach has compared this description with a speci- 

 men in the Hunterian museum, and from his manu- 

 script we have inserted the above account, which dif- 

 fers but little from that given by Latreille. 

 13. Upooe- Genus XLIII. Upogebia. Antenna; inserted in 

 • ' nearly the same horizontal line. Eyes pedunculated, 



and concealed under the proboscis. Abdomen compo- 

 sed of quadrate crustaceous joints. Anterior feet com- 

 pound, being furnished with a very long moveable 



thumb ; feet compressed, decreasing in size, the anterior firustaqe; . 

 being largest. Middle process of the tail nearly qua- "*"" "-f—' 

 drate, the apex being scarcely narrower than the base. 



Sp. 1 . Stellata. Thorax smooth behind, the anterior Stellata. 

 part set with minute spines disposed in longitudinal rows, 

 anterior part terminating in a broad and rough rostrum, 

 on each side of which at the base is a strong spiny spire. 

 Under part of the hands hairy, fingers very sharp ; 

 wrists and arms angulated, and set with hairs beneath 

 and inside. Feet somewhat compressed. Extremity 

 of the middle process of the caudal fin slightly notched ; 

 moveable processes, with an elevated ridge, in the mid- 

 dle. Length two inches. Colour yellowish white, co- 

 vered with minute yellow or orange spots. 



Cancer stellatus, Montagu; Upogebia stellata, Leach's 

 MSS. 



This animal was discovered by George Montagu, Esq. 

 and described by him in the ninth volume of the Lin- 

 nean Transactions. It is very rare, and inhabits the 

 subterraneous passages made by the solenes, or rasor 

 shells. 



Genus XLIV. Callianasra. Antennae placed in 44. Callu 

 nearly the same horizontal line; the peduncle of the ex- nass*. 

 terior with four joints, and a seta three times as long as 

 the peduncle ; the footstalk of the interior antennae with 

 three joints, and a jointed seta a little longer than the 

 peduncle. A large scale attached to the base of the in- 

 ternal antennas above. Abdomen with six membrana- 

 ceous joints. Feet compressed ; the two anterior pair 

 compound, the third pair with a simple moveable 

 thumb ; hands of the anterior pair jointed ; wrist entire. 

 The middle process of the tail triangular, with the point 

 very sharp. 



Sp. 1. Sublerranea. Thorax smooth and membra- Subterra* 

 naceous, the anterior part crustaceous above. Claws nea. 

 unequal ; the larger one very smooth, with the margin 

 and fingers ornamented with tufts of hair ; inner side 

 of the thumb denticulated ; wrist triangulated, with the 

 margins toothed, armed at the base with a hooked pro- 

 cess"; arm angulated, denticulated beneath : smaller 

 claw with oblong, oval, and somewhat hairy fingers, the 

 arms and wrists being simple, and not angulated. The 

 second pair of feet with hairy fingers, and an ovate hand; 

 the third with a moveable thumb, very much compres- 

 sed and ciliated ; the fourth and fifth simple, with com- 

 pressed hairy tarsy. 



Cancer astacus subtcrraneus, Montagu, Lin. Trans. 

 CaUianassa sublerranea of Leach's MSS. 



This singular animal was discovered by Mr Montagu, 

 whilst digging for So/en vagina in a sand bank in the 

 estuary of Kingsbridge, on the south coast of Devon, 

 about two feetlbeneath the surface. He informs us that 

 they are rare, but that a sufficient number has been ta- 

 ken, to shew that the larger claw is not constant to one 

 side. The females are very rare. Length about two 

 inches. 



Mn$. Montagu, Sowerby, Leach, Prideaux. 

 Genus XLV. Alph^us. The exterior antennas si- 

 tuated lower than those of the middle, with a large scale 

 attached to the peduncle, (this scale being generally 

 notched on the external side of the point.) The four 

 anterior feet compound. Wrists of the second pair 

 jointed. Middle process of the tail of an oblong-trian- 

 gular shape, the apex much narrower than the base. 

 * The anterior larger than the second pair of feet. 

 Sp. 1. Avar us. Hands unequal and difformed; ros- Avarus. 

 trum short and subulated. 



Alpkceus avarus of Fabricius and Latreille. 



** The second pair of feet larger than the first. 



4S. Al- 



TUKVi. 



