C U L 



490 



C U L 



Cullen, was animated, attentive, polite, and instructive in an 

 Culioden. uncommon degree. 



Though generally occupied, during five or six hours, 

 almost every day, in visiting- patients, or in dictating 

 prescriptions and directions for those who consulted 

 him by letter from a distance, besides having to deliver 

 two public lectures of an horn' each, five days of the 

 week for nearly six months every year, sometimes four 

 lectures daily for a considerable period towards the close 

 of the session, that lie might complete his courses ; yet; 

 whether in public or in private, Dr Cullen never ap- 

 peared embarrassed or in a hurry, but was always col- 

 lected and at ease, devoting himself entirely to the pre- 

 sent subject, as if he had nothing else to occupy his at- 

 tention. He was always sociable and cheerful, and 

 ever ready to enter upon the serious subject of the hour, 

 or to discuss the ordinary occurrences of the day. At 

 night, when the labours of the day were over, he en- 

 joyed a private party at whist, for sixpence a corner, even 

 in his latter years, with as keen a relish as if he had no 

 serious employments to think of; and no man more 

 delighted in, or contributed towards, the temperate hi- 

 larity, and rational yet amusing conversation of a social 

 supper-party, in which he frequently indulged. 



Such is the imperfect view we have been able to col- 

 lect, of the life and character of a first-rate luminary of 

 the university of Edinburgh, for which we are chiefly 

 indebted to Hints and Anecdotes relating to his Life, 

 published by the late James Anderson, LL. D. in a pe- 

 riodical work entitled The Bee, about ten months after 

 the death of Dr Cullen. We have been informed, that 

 a more extensive memorial of his life was prepared, 

 many years ago, by a respectable member of the uni- 

 versity of Edinburgh, well qualified to do justice to 

 the subject, and was intended to have been published ; 

 but, having been communicated for revisal and correc- 

 tion to another person, who was more especially able to 

 supply dates and family circumstances, it was never re- 

 turned to the author, (kk) 



CULLODEN, Battle of. This battle, memorable 

 for being the last fought on British ground, and highly 

 important in its consequences to the peace and security 

 of these kingdoms, happened on the 1 6th of April 1746, 

 on a moor, about a mile and a half south from Cullo- 

 den House, and nearly five miles south-east from In- 

 verness. 



The success of Charles since his first landing, 

 though occasionally obstructed by dissensions among his 

 friends, had hitherto been extremely flattering to his 

 hopes. Arriving in Scotland with only seven follow- 

 ers, his little army rapidly increased as it advanced ; 

 and in a short time became so formidable by its num- 

 bers, as to inspire terror into the commander of the 

 king's troops, who, instead of attacking him at Corry- 

 ai-ak, as he intended, marched northwards to Inverness, 

 and thus left the low country open to his incursions. 

 Accordingly, Charles now abandoning the fastnesses of 

 Lochaber, advanced into the centre of the country, en- 

 tered Perth, and proclaimed his father king. From 

 Perth he proceeded to Edinburgh, which he also enter- 

 ed without opposition, and repeated the same cere- 

 mony. Meantime, Sir John Cope, finding it danger- 

 ous to return from Inverness by the Highland road, on 

 account of the approach of winter, marched his troops 

 along the coast to Aberdeen, and from thence convey- 

 ed them by sea to Dunbar. On hearing of their ap- 

 proach to the capital, Charles advanced to meet them, 

 and defeated them with considerable loss in a pitched 

 battle near Prestonpans. In consequence of this vic- 



tory, he was joined by a few of the Scottish nobility, Cul'oden. 

 at his return to Edinburgh ; from which place, after "•'V""*' 

 some delay, occasioned by a fruitless correspondence 

 with the northern chieftains, he proceeded southwards, 

 making an irruption into England, and spreading alarm 

 and devastation almost to the gates of the capital. 



But being now threatened on all sides by the royal 

 army, and harassed by the importunities of his followers, 

 he was compelled to retrace his steps, without effecting 

 any thing. Though pursued by the king's forces, he 

 reached Carlisle, without once coming in contact with 

 them, except at the village of Clifton. After reinforcing 

 the garrison of Carlisle, he entered Scotland by Dum- 

 fries, and proceeded to Glasgow, and from thence to 

 Stirling. The garrison of this place refusing to sub- 

 mit, afforded him an opportunity of gathering a few 

 more useless laurels ; for Hawley, the commander of 

 the king's troops at Edinburgh, advancing westward 

 with the view of relieving the place, was met by Charles 

 near Falkirk, and defeated with great slaughter. But 

 this was the last of his triumphs ; for, immediately 

 after, the Duke of Cumberland assumed the command. 

 Having collected the scattered remains of the battle of 

 Falkirk, and joined to them some regiments lately ar- 

 rived from the Continent, he instantly set out to meet 

 the rebels, and offered them battle, on the very spot 

 where they had so recently triumphed. By the advice 

 of his generals, though contrary to his own inclination, 

 Charles declined the offer, and retreated immediately 

 with great precipitation to Crieff*. Here he separated 

 his troops into three divisions ; one, commanded by 

 himself, proceeded north to Inverness by the Highland 

 road ; another, under Lord George Murray, marched 

 by the coast road ; the third division, which was the 

 smallest, took a middle road, by Braemar, which led 

 them to their own country. The Duke followed them 

 for some time ; but, after arriving at Perth, he halted 

 there a few days, both with the view of allowing the 

 reinforcements which had lately arrived from the con- 

 tinent to join him, and in order that he might have an 

 opportunity of consulting with the friends of govern- 

 ment at Edinburgh respecting the best mode of termi- 

 nating the war. 



Fie set out from Perth on the 20th of February 1 746, 

 and, following the coast road, reached Aberdeen on the 

 27th of the same month. As the state of the weather pre- 

 vented him from advancing farther at this time in pur- 

 suit of the rebels, he merely sent onwards a few de- 

 tachments to occupy certain posts to the westward, 

 which might afterwards facilitate his progress, and con- 

 tinued during the month of March with the great body 

 of his army in the neighbourhood of Aberdeen. Du- 

 ring this period of inaction on the part of the king's 

 troops, the rebels were busily employed. They had 

 got possession of Fort George and Fort Augustus, and 

 were actively emplo)'ed in the siege of Fort William. 

 They had defeated Lord Loudon in Sutherland, and 

 had compelled him and President Forbes to take re- 

 fuge in Skye. They had surprised a number of posts 

 occupied by the king's troops in Athol ; and had even 

 cut off a detachment of the Duke's army which was 

 stationed in the village of Keith. But the season now 

 l>eginning to open, they were compelled to call in their 

 scattered forces, and to prepare to meet the Duke of 

 Cumberland, who left Aberdeen on the 8th of April, and 

 advanced westward to the Spey, without encountering 

 the least opposition. 



When the royal army came in sight of the river, 

 they discovered the Duke of Perth on the opposite 



