DAL 



563 



DAL 



D^lecliam- pronounced in the Dalecarlian accent, it is mistaken for 

 P' a the Dalecarlian. 

 J t i According to Peuchet, the population of this province 



v ,- „" . _ ' is about 120,000. The principal towns are Fahlun, 



Popula- Hedmora, and Satta ; and the chief villages are Leck- 

 tion. sand, Mora, Rattwik, and Funa. Each of these parish- 



es is supposed to contain about 9000 inhabitants. See 

 Thomson's Travels in Sivede?i during the Autumn of 

 1812, chap. vi. ; Coxe's Travels, vol. v.; and Promenade 

 d'un Fraiigois en Swede par de la Tucnage, 1801\ (j) 

 DALECHAMPIA, a genus of plants of the class 

 Moncecia, and order Monadelphia. 



DALEBORDIA, a genus of plants of the class Ico- 

 sandria, and order Polygamia. See Botany, p. 233. 



DALKEITH, from a Gaelic word which signifies a 

 plain between two rivers, is a town of Scotland in the 

 county of Mid-Lothian. It is beautifully situated on a 

 pretty high ridge of ground between the two rivers call- 

 ed the North and South Esk, but nearest the North Esk, 

 from which the ridge has a rapid ascent. The principal 

 street, which is straight and broad, stretches from east 

 to west. At its eastern extremity is the gate which 

 conducts to Dalkeith House, the principal seat of the 

 Duke of Buccleugh, and nearly at its other extremi- 

 ty a street branches off to the South Esk, and ano- 

 ther to the North Esk, both of which rivers are crossed 

 by good stone bridges. The church and the jail, which 

 are not remarkable as public buildings, stand in the 

 principal street. Several manufactures have been es- 

 tablished in this town, which are carried on with great 

 activity. The following are the principal. A hat ma- 

 nufactory, which gives employment to about 12 men 

 and as many women. Mr Hislop, to whom it belongs, 

 has likewise a manufactory near Manchester, for tne 

 purpose of making coarse hats, a branch of the trade 

 which can only be carried on with advantage in that 

 part of the country. At the iron foundery under Mr 

 Mushet, all sorts of cast iron goods and smith work are 

 manufactured. The pig iron is brought from Omoa, 

 Calder, and Shotts iron works, at the rate of twenty-one 

 shillings per ton of land carriage. There is also at Dal- 

 keith a tannery, a soap-work, and candle manufactories. 

 Dalkeith is principally celebrated for its corn market, 

 which is held every Thursday, and which is one of the 

 largest in Scotland A charity school on Dr Bell's plan 

 was established in 1813, by the Duke of Buccleugh, who 

 is at the sole expence of paying the teacher. It already 

 contains 70 boys. 



Dalkeith House, which is situated a little to the east 

 of the town, is a large building, with wings projecting 

 in front, and is erected on the site of the old castle of 

 Dalkeith. The grounds, which are exceedingly beau- 

 tiful by nature, and laid out with great taste and judg- 

 ment, occupy the tongue of land formed by the North 

 and South Esk, which unite about half a mile below 

 the house. A great number of fine oaks, and trees of 

 all kinds, adorn the park. The North Esk is crossed 

 by a handsome stone bridge of one arch, seventy feet 

 wide and forty-five high ; and the banks of both the 

 rivers are cut into extensive walks. The noble posses- 

 sors of this princely estate have been long distinguished 

 for all the virtues which give to rank and fortune their 

 truest splendour. The discrimination with which their 

 benevolence is directed, and the delicacy with which 

 it is preferred, could not easily be concealed ; but the 

 extent of their charities will probably never be known, 

 but to the numerous individuals of almost all ranks 

 in society whom they have relieved and rendered hap- 

 . py. It is not the province of a work like this to record 



acts of private beneficence, however noble and affecting; Dalmatia. 

 but virtue sometimes appears in such a form as to com- > — T"""'' 

 mand our admiration ; and while our pages are con- 

 stantly filled with the praise of talents and genius, we 

 could not refuse a tribute of admiration to a system of 

 benevolence, unexampled and almost unlimited. 



About a quarter of a mile from Dalkeith, on the 

 South bank of the South Esk, stands Newbottle House, 

 the seat of the Earl of Ancrum. 



Population of the parish of Dalkeith in 1811, 4709; 

 number of houses 534, number of families 1131. (tu) 



DALMATIA, a country in Europe, bounded by Boutida- 

 Servia on the east, Croatia on the west, Bosnia on the ries. 

 north, and the Gulf of Venice, or Adriatic Sea, on the 

 south. Including the isles which lie along its coasts, 

 it extends from 12° 10' to 16° 40' of longitude, and from 

 42° 25' to 45° 35' of latitude. Subject, however, to 

 many irregularities in its outline, it does not contain 

 such an extent of surface as this measurement appears 

 to give. It derives its name from its ancient capital 

 Delminium, and formed a part of ancient Illyricum, or 

 Illyris. The other part was Liburnia; but both are 

 now included under the common name of Dalmatia, 

 though the Austrian government has, in modern times, 

 thought proper to revive and employ the ancient name 

 Illyria. This country has undergone a great variety 

 of revolutions, of which, however, the limits of this ar- 

 ticle do not admit of any detailed account. Under all 

 the changes of dominion to which it has been succes- 

 sively subjected, it does not seem to have received any 

 improvement; for, though possessed of many advanta- 

 ges, it is still very far behind in every thing almost by 

 which a country rises to eminence and respectability. 

 Its last masters were the French, who have now (1814) 

 retired from its territory, and abandoned it to the Aus- 

 trians, Russians, or Turks, as they may happen to think 

 their rights or their interests involved. 



Dalmatia has a great deal of elevated, rugged, and 

 barren ground, and abounds in scenery, which, for 

 magnificence and sublimity, can scarcely be surpassed. 

 There are also many parts of it vallies equally beau- 

 tiful and fertile, tolerably well cultivated, and covered 

 with flocks of sheep and cattle. Some of its rivers are 

 navigable for a considerable way. The whole coast is 

 deeply indented with creeks and bays, and bordered 

 with a great number of islands. 



The cultivation, upon the whole, is extremely bad, Agricul- 

 both on the continent and on the islands. The people ture, &c. 

 are destitute of skill, enterprise, and stimulus. Indeed 

 they are mostly in a barbarous or piratical state ; and 

 though they were capable of improving the country, 

 and raising from it all that it could produce, still the 

 insecurity which hangs over the fruits of their exertions, 

 would prevent them from making any steady and per- 

 severing efforts. The proprietor is the slave of his te- 

 nants : what they pay in rent, is rather given to him as 

 an alms, than demanded by him as a right ; when he 

 complains, they threaten him with their vengeance, and 

 sometimes oblige him to supplicate them to spare his 

 life. They are so rude, and have so many ways of es- 

 caping, that he has no hold of them, and is entirely at 

 their mere)'. Agriculture of course is much neglect- 

 ed, even where it might be carried on in the easiest 

 way, and with the greatest success; and, instead of ha- 

 ving abundance of wholesome food, the people are 

 sometimes under the necessity of subsisting for several 

 months of the year on wild roots. The cattle are nu- 

 merous enough, but extremely small ; so that, as they 

 are employed in labouring tiie fields, and as the plough 



