D A R 583 D A R 



fcarlus one of the branches of the river St John and the Quito, name, and about three leagues from the eastern bank Turr, 



II which falls into the Darien: in this ravine, the Rector of of the Rhine. The principal objects of curiosity in this Dartford. 

 larm stadt . Arvita h as cause d hj g flock to cut a small canal, which town are the palace, which is a stately building; the w ""'« '—"■■'' 

 """** is navigable in the rainy seasons, and by means of hall of the emperors, the public library, the library of 

 whidi canoes, laden with cacao, have passed from sea the grand duke, the buildings of the tribunals, the 

 to sea. See Humboldt's Political Essay on New Spain; academy of music, the schools of the town and the gar- 

 Ulloa's Voyage to South America ; Alcedo's Geographi- rison, the school of industry, the cabinet of natural his- 

 cal and Historical Dictionary of America and the West tory, which contains several remarkable fossil bones of 

 Indies. ( w. s.) a huge size, which served as pillars to a house at Kost- 

 DARIUS. See Persia. heim; the opera house; the large building for mili- 

 DARLINGTON, a market and borough town of tary evolutions, which admits about 1500 men for the 

 England, in the county of Durham, is situated on the manual exercise, and has 16 stoves; the military school; 

 side of a hill, gently sloping to the east, at the foot of the college ; the gardens of the palace ; the gardens of 

 which runs the river Skerne, which is crossed by a the Grand Duke at Bersungen and Kranichstein ; the 

 bridge of three arches, and which runs into the Tees, chateau and the mineral waters of Auerbach ; and the 

 The town consist of several well built streets, diverging large manufactory for harness and wheel- work. On 

 from a square, in which the markets are held ; and it the summit of a mountain, near the district called Berg- 

 contains several good modern built houses and excel- strasse, and not far from Heppenheim, is a column of 

 lent inns. The principal public building in Darling- granite about ,33 feet long, known by the name of 

 ton is the church, which stands at the south-west angle Riesensaule, or the Pillar of the Giants. An altar 14 

 of the market-place, and which was erected in 1160, feet in circumference stands very near it. This town 

 by Bishop Hugh Pudsey. It is a spacious edifice in was lately celebrated for a dye-work in the house of 

 the form of a cross. The tower and spire rise from its the orphans ; but we are unable to ascertain whether 

 centre to the height of 1 80 feet; and the stone of which or not it is still in existence. Darmstadt is the ordinary 

 it is built is said to have come from Cockfield-fell, a residence of the Grand Duke, who was a member of 

 distance of twelve miles. The tower rises from uniform the Confederation of the Rhine. The fate of this town 

 arches supported by clustered pillars, and the arches will depend on arrangements which will soon be made, 

 of the naves and aisles are irregular. The west door is in consequence of the recent dissolution of the Rhenish 

 highly finished. In 1567, a grammar school was en- Confederation. Population about 12,000, or 13,000, 

 dowed by Queen Elizabeth out of the funds of Mai- according to Catteau. See Reichard's Ilineraire dc 

 shall's chantry. The school, and the building, which Poche de L'Allemagne el de la Suisse, Paris, 1809; 

 was once the bishop's palace, are situated near the Catteau's Voyage en Allemand let en Suede, vol. i. p. 229, 

 banks of the river. The last of these buildings is now See also Confederation of the Rhine, (tt) 

 farmed from the bishop's housekeeper as a work-house DART. See Devonshire. 



for the poor. DARTFORD, a market town of England, in the 

 There are several flourishing manufactures in this county of Kent, which derives its name from the ford 

 town. Tammies, moreens, and other woollen stuffs are of the river Darent, on which it is situated, in a narrow 

 fabricated in great quantities, and there is a thriving valley between two hills. It was called Dcrent-ford by 

 manufactory of linen goods, such as diapers, hucka- the Saxons, and is spelt Tarenteford in Domesday- 

 backs, and checks. The cotton manufactory, which book. The town consists of a principal street, through 

 was lately introduced, is in a flourishing state. There which the high road passes, and of two smaller ones 

 is also in this town a mill for spinning wool. In the going off* at right angles. The chief public buildings 

 neighbourhood of Darlington, a mill was erected by are the church, the place-house, and the bridge. The 

 John Kendrew, a native of the place, for grinding and church, which stands in the north east part of the 

 polishing lenses or glasses for optical purposes. The town, near the river, is a large building, consisting of 

 same artist erected another mill for spinning hemp a nave, chancel, and aisles, with a tower which is em- 

 and flax. A respectable agricultural society, which battled at the north-west side. In the chancel, on the 

 distributes premiums, holds its meetings in tins town, north side, is a mural monument of Sir John Spelman, 

 and has already contributed to the improvement of who had the merit of first introducing the paper manu-. 

 agriculture. A sulphureous spring, which jhas been facture into Britain. He and his lady are exhibited as 

 found of use in scorbutic and other complaints, was kneeling at a desk. In the church there are several 

 discovered in 1803, and is now much frequented. slabs inlaid with brass, some of which are curious and 

 The following is the abstract of the population re- deserving of attention. The place-house was formerly 

 turn for 1811 for the township of Darlington : a nunnery, established by Edward III. in 1355. Henry 



Inhabited houses 818 VHP fitted up the buildings as a palace Its remains 



Families that occupy them 1205 ar ? ° f hnck > ""J con « st <* a hr S e embattled gateway, 



Families employed in agriculture 143 ^ some ^dings m the south, which are now occu- 



Families employed in trade and manufacture 850 P ied /*. a far ™ h ° use ;, F ™ m \ ae man ^ dlain ? and 



Families not included in these classes 212 ^"^dations of wells that have been discovered, the 



Ajjjgg 2 3 51 building must have occupied a great extent of ground. 

 Females * "..'"- g 70 g The stone wall which enclosed the garden is still en- 

 Total population' '. '. *. '. *. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. .* .' ." 5059 tire " T , hebrid § e ™ s Gfnerly very narrow and dan- 

 * * gerous, but was widened about 30 years ago at the ex- 

 See Hutchinson's History of Durham, and Brayley pence of the county. The old market house and shambles 

 and Britton's Beauties of England aud Wales, vol. v. were taken down about the same time, and new build- 

 p. 83, &c. ( ;') ings erected instead of them in a more convenient situa- 

 DARMSTADT, a town of Germany, and capital of tion. Below the town there is a good wharf. The prin- 

 the Grand Duchy of Hesse Darmstadt, is beautifully cipal manufactures of Dartford are gunpowder and pa- 

 situated in a fertile territory on a small river of the same per. On the site of a wheat and malt mill, about a mile 

 1 



