DEC 



593 



D E F 



Became. 

 ride 



II 

 Decuple. 



Increase of the Permanent Revenue in the present Reign. 



Year. 

 1760 

 1773 

 1780 

 1786 

 1791 

 1806 



Permanent Revenue. 



. . 8,800,000 . . 



. . 10,100,000 . . 



. . 12,250,000 . . 



. . 15,100,000 . . 



. . 16,700,000 . . 



. . 35,314,150 . . 



Interest of Debt. 



4,700,000 . 

 , 4,000,000 . 



7,500,000 . 

 , 9,500,000 . 

 . 9,250,000 . 

 , 23,460,000 . 



Free Revenue. 



. 4,100,000 



. 5,600,000 



. 4,750,000 



. 5,600,000 



. 7,430,000 



. 11,854,150 



1806 Permanent Revenue, L. 35, SI 4, 150 



Temporary taxes, not payable in peace, 



War taxes, 8,992,377 



Property tax, 4,377,583 



48,684,110 

 Interest of debt, 23,460,000 



25,224,110 



1807 Permanent taxes, and hereditary re- 



venue, 38,414,099 



War tax, property tax, and incidents, 21,775,315 



60,189,414 

 Interest of unredeemed debt, and 



charges of management, 20,701,252 



Free revenue, 39,488,162 



1808 Annual produce of the sinking fund, 10,000,000 

 Free revenue, L.35,224,110 



(x) 



DECAMERIDE, in Music, is an interval so named 

 by M. Sauveur, who considered the octave as divided in- 

 to 43 merides,each ofthese into 7heptamerides,and each 

 of these again into 10 decamerides, or the y^^th part of 

 the octave, which was done, to make the same conform 

 nearly to the four first places of the reciprocal logarithms 

 of VIII, and so that one in the fourth place of such re- 

 ciprocal common logarithms may very nearly represent 

 a decameride, which, as -^^ X VIII, has a common 

 logarithm of .9998999,9003 = .2040574 2, whereas 

 9999000,0000 is the common log. and. 2040370 s the va- 

 lue in Farey's notation of 1 in the fourth place of reci- 

 procal logarithms. The decameride is =.0185374 in 

 major comma logs, and =.000332226 in Euler's, or 

 binary logs, or decimals of the VIII. (§) 



DECASPORA, a genus of plants of the class Pen- 

 tandria, and order Monogynia. See Brown's Prodro- 

 mus, &c. p. 548, and Botany, p. 174. 



DECCAN, a general term signifying the south, and 

 applied by the Hindoos to that immense tract of coun- 

 try lying to the south of the river Nerbudda. By some 

 modern geographers it has been arbitrarily restricted, 

 merely for their own convenience, to that part of India 

 which lies to the south of the river Kistna, and its sub- 

 sidiary streams. See Canara, Carnatic, India, &c. (j) 



DECIMALS. See Arithmetic, Vol. II. p. 3Q5 403. 



DECLINATION. See Astronomy, Vol. III. p. 608. 



DECOSTEA, a genus of plants of the class Dicecia, 

 and order Pentandria. See Botany, p. 340. 



DECUMARIA, a genus of plants of the class Dode- 

 candria, and order Monogynia. See Botany, p. 224. 



DECUPLE Schisma, in Music, is an interval equal 

 to 10 schismas, or 9-9921382 + w • its common loga- 

 rithm being .9950989.2767, its Euler's log. .0162810 

 snd its comma log. -9084418. The decuple minor com* 



VOl,. VII. part h. 



De/oe. 



ma is 99.708541 2 + 2/+ 9m; the decuple major com- Dedication 

 ma is 109.7006782 + 2/"+ 10m; the decuple diaschisma 

 is 11 9.7006782 + 2/+ 10 m, &c. ( ? ) 



DEDICATION. See Consecration. 



DEERINGIA, a genus of plants of the class Pentan- 

 dria, and order Monogynia. See Brown's Prodromus 

 Plant. Nov. Holl.p.413, and Botany, p. 172. 



DEFECTIVE Intervals, in Music, are such as are 

 less than their true quantity ; but with different au- 

 thors this flattening differs. Some use the term for in- 

 tervals less by the schisma, (or 2,) others by the minor 

 comma, (or 102 +m,) the diaschisma, (or 122 + »«,) 

 the enharmonic diesis, (or 21 2 + 2m,) and others again 

 by the semitone minimum, (or 322 + 3 m.) 



DEFECTIVE Scales, inMusic, are such as are inca- 

 pable, for want of a sufficient number of notes in an 

 octave, of avoiding the use of wolves, occasioned by the 

 substitution of one note for a different one which ought 

 to be used. See Philosophical Magazine, vol. xxxvi. 

 p. 39. All douzeaves are therefore defective, except 

 perhaps the isotonic system, which some maintain to 

 be made up entirely of wolves. Dr Robert Smith pro- 

 posed, as a mode of tuning the common defective scale 

 of 12 notes, that each fifth should be made to beat equal- 

 ly quick with the major third, to the same base, the for- 

 mer flat, and the latter sharp, except the resulting fifth 

 between G $ and E \}. In his " Harmonics," 2d edit. p. 

 215, the beats of this system are calculated ; and in the 

 Philosophical Magazine, vol. xxxvi. p. 50, Mr Farey 

 has given its temperaments. (g) 



DEFICIENT Intervals, in Music, in the nomen- 

 clature which we have adopted in our work, are such 

 as are flatter than the true intervals by a major comma 

 c, (=ll2 + »n). Sometimes these are called comma- 

 deficient intervals. Double deficient intervals are les- 

 sened 2e (= 222+2»«.) Mr Holder, and some other 

 writers, will be found to have used this prefix in diffe- 

 rent senses. His deficient less third, for instance, is 

 £=3rd —24.9476962 2 +/+ 2m, instead of 3— c. (g) 



DEFOE, or Foe, Daniel, an English author of 

 considerable eminence, was the son of James Foe, a 

 citizen of London, and was born in London, it is be- 

 lieved, about the year 1663. His family being dissen- 

 ters, he was educated at a dissenting academy, kept 

 by Charles Morton at Newington Green. He is said to 

 have followed, for sometime, the profession of a hosier; 

 but possessing little of the talents and attention requi- 

 site for the management of business, he was soon com- 

 pelled to relinquish it, and thereafter devoted himself 

 almost exclusively to literature and politics. 



In the year 1683, before he had attained the age of 

 twenty-one, he published a pamphlet against the pre- 

 vailing sentiment in favour of the Turks, as opposed to 

 the Austrians ; and before the age of twenty-three, he 

 joined the standard of the Duke of Monmouth, in 1685. 

 Having escaped the dangers of war, and the fangs of 

 legal prosecution, he found leisure to pursue hi9 lite- 

 rary career, and was prompted by his zeal to mingle in 

 the controversies of the reign of James II. whose go- 

 vernment he efficaciously opposed. 



Defoe was admitted a livery-man of London on the 

 26th of January 1 687-8. At the period of the revolu- 

 tion, when, in consequence of the popular discontents, 

 King William was obliged to dismiss his Dutch guards, 

 Defoe, who possessed just notions on the subject of 

 civil liberty, wrote his well known poem, The True- 

 born Englishman, with the view of casting ridicule up- 

 on those who opposed the government. This produc- 

 tion was well received by the public, and met with an 

 4 F 



