DENMARK. 



651 



Woollen 

 cloths. 



Hosiery. 



Statistics, ty, particularly on that of Altona and Christiansfeld, is 

 ~—~Y~~' very sensible. It is in these two cities that the most 

 skilful artizans are to be found. The manufacture of 

 woollen cloths is one of the most considerable, and is 

 very suitable to a country in which this article forms 

 an essential part of dress, and which is so well adapted 

 for the rearing of sheep. Denmark has furnished, for 

 many centuries, wool for the coarse cloth which the 

 peasant wears, and which he frequently manufactures 

 himself. But besides what the district of Eystersted 

 furnishes, they import for finer cloths a considerable 

 quantity from Poland, Spain, and Mecklenburgh. The 

 number of hands employed in the woollen manufac- 

 tories in Copenhagen, in the islands, and in Jut- 

 land, is not less than eighteen hundred. The value of 

 the original materials may be about 97,000 rix-dollars, 

 and that of the articles when manufactured 165,000. 

 They manufacture also shalloons, camlets, and cassi- 

 mires, for which purposes they use chiefly the wool of 

 Eystersted. The produce of these manufactures is rec- 

 koned at 94,000 rix-dollars, and the original materials 

 at 41,000. The great manufactory of woollen cloth for 

 the use of the army, was established at Copenhagen in 

 the reign of Frederic the Fourth. It employs about 

 1200 hands, and delivers yearly between a hundred 

 and forty and a hundred and fifty thousand ells. About 

 70 looms are employed in the capital in the manufac- 

 ture of stockings, nightcaps, mittens, and other articles 

 of woollen hosiery, to the annual amount of about 27,000 

 rix-dollars. There are similar manufactures at several 

 other places. The peasants of Jutland furnish a con- 

 siderable quantity of stockings. The single communi- 

 ty of Hoeringsholm has sold in one year 20,000 pairs. 

 Father, mother, children, servants, are all busily em- 

 ployed during the winter evenings, some carding, some 

 spinning, and others knitting or working on the loom. 

 The produce of this commendable industry yields year- 

 ly not less than sixteen thousand dollars. It is carried 

 to Copenhagen, from whence it finds its way into the 

 provinces, and sofaetimes into foreign countries. 



There has been established at the gates of Copen- 

 hagen a manufactory of Manchester cloths. It was 

 erected according to the English fashion, by a Swede 

 of the name of Norberg, for the behoof of the king, but 

 it has since been sold to individuals. This extensive 

 establishment is well conducted, and gives support to 

 about two hundred people. They manufacture both 

 cloths, entirely cotton and also mixed. They sell an- 

 nually to the value of from twenty to thirty thousand 

 dollars. There has sometime ago been erected another 

 manufactory of the same kind, in the bailiwick of 

 Hirseholm, a few miles from Copenhagen. In that 

 place cotton stockings are manufactured, but in small 

 quantities, the annual value not being above two or 

 three thousand dollars. For a long time, one particu- 

 lar establishment enjoyed, on advantageous terms, the 

 exclusive privilege of printing calicoes. But this branch 

 of manufacture has been free since the year 1754. Be- 

 sides seven large manufactories of this kind, employing 

 about 360 persons, there are several smaller ones. Al- 

 together they print yearly goods to the value of about 

 366,000 rix dollars. The manufacture of linens, &c. 

 will not flourish, it is probable, until the country itself 

 produces a greater quantity of the materials. The an- 

 nual importation of flax and hemp into Norway and 

 Denmark, amounts to the value of 460,000 rix dollars. 

 There are four manufactories of linen cloth in this 

 country, one in Zealand, one in Funen, and two in 

 Jutland. These employ about fifty-five looms, and 

 make about 25,000 ells of cloth of different qualities, 



Manches- 

 ter cloths. 



Calicoe 



printing. 



Linens. 



Curdiffff. 



Silk. 



Paper. 



yearly. In the villages throughout the country a con- Statistic^ 

 siderable quantity of linen is manufactured, both for "~" "V"" 

 domestic consumption and also for trade. That of Jut- 

 land is of the best quality. The town of Aalborg has 

 sometimes exported in the course of a year about 60,000 

 dollars worth of linen, manufactured by the Jutland 

 peasants. Denmark does not, however, furnish linen 

 cloth sufficient for the consumption of the country, 

 but obtains a very considerable supply from abroad. 

 There is only one manufacture of sail-cloth deserving Sail elotk. 

 to be mentioned. It furnishes employment to about 

 400 persons, and yields a produce worth about 18,000 

 dollars. The rest of this article is brought from Russia. 

 There are rope-yards at Copenhagen, Elsineur, and 

 several other places. But great quantities of cordage 

 are yearly imported, and chiefly from Russia. The 

 silk manufactures, say the Danish writers, have cost 

 the public not less than 200,000 dollars in prizes and 

 other encouragements of various kinds. The result of 

 these efforts has not, however, answered expectation. 

 The number of looms employed at present in the ma- 

 nufacture of silk-stuffs, may be from 140 to 150. In 

 1789, there were six ribbon manufacturies, employing 

 about 40 looms, and 313 workmen. The annual pro- 

 duce was about 32,175 rix dollars. In the same year, 

 there was about 38 looms for gauzes, employing about Gauzes. 

 sixty-seven hands, and producing about 17,400 dollars. 

 The annual produce of the manufacture of silk-stock- 

 ings will amount to 13,000 rix dollars. Denmark has 

 long paid a considerable tribute to foreigners for the 

 different kinds of paper. About 1 759, this article cost 

 them at an average 1 5,000 rix-dollars yearly ; and in 

 1793, upwards of 100,000. One of the greatest ob- 

 stacles to the establishment of paper manufactories, is 

 the difficulty of procuring rags. Various measures have 

 been resorted to for removing this obstacle, which it is 

 hoped will in time succeed. The paper manufactory 

 at Joegersborg furnishes yearly about 15,000 dollars 

 worth of paper. That at Roschild is quite inconsider- 

 able. An extensive paper manufactory was erected 

 some years ago, but the great supply is still derived 

 from abroad. Copenhagen has a good manufactory of 

 paper for household furniture. It has likewise two 

 manufactories of cards, which furnish Denmark, Nor- 

 way, and the duchies, with 144,000 packs yearly, all of 

 which must be stamped. For the encoiu-agement of Leather, 

 tanneries, the exportation of raw-hides was prohibited 

 in 1746. These manufactories have, indeed, since that 

 time, increased, but have never yet been able to supply 

 the Wants of the country. There is one leather manu- 

 factory in Copenhagen, and another about two miles 

 from the capital, of which the annual sale amounts to 

 between thirty and forty thousand dollars. The city of Glove; 

 Randers, in Jutland, has been long famous for the ma- 

 nufacture of dog skin gloves, but they are now reduced 

 to a very small number; and this manufacture has 

 been, for some time past, chiefly carried on at Odensee 

 in Funen, where they also make saddles and harness, 

 that are much in request. Since the acquisition of the 

 American islands, the refining of sugar has formed one 

 of the manufactures of Denmark. The company which, Refi:iiit» i 

 in 1734, obtained the exclusive privilege of trading to 6ugar. 

 these islands, procured also the sole right of refining 

 sugar, and of supplying with this article the Danish 

 states. But in 1754, this monopoly was abolished. 

 There were, in 1793, seven sugar houses in Copen- 

 hagen, containing in all 68 boilers ; but in general the 

 third or fourth part of these boilers were not at work. 

 These sugar-houses employ 340 workmen, and refine 

 1 3,770,000 pounds of sugar yearly. Besides the sugar- 



