Statistic*. 



raille- 

 ries. 



; osp, 



Tottery, 



■porcelain. 



{Juinance. 



Fire arma. 



Iron 

 •roods. 



Brass foun. 

 <iruj. 



6*2 



houses of the eapital, there are two at Elsineur which 

 manufacture 800,000 pounds of the raw material ; one 

 at Odensee, which manufactures 700,000 ; and two at 

 Alborg, which manufacture 300,000. The distillation 

 of spirits from grain is an important branch of manu- 

 facture in all the countries of the north. In Denmark 

 there are many distilleries, but those of Copenhagen 

 have long been the most considerable. The distillers, 

 in number three hundred and sixteen, form a corporate 

 body, enjoying some peculiar privileges. In 1800, the 

 distilleries consumed 287,824 tons of grain, which 

 yielded 2,347,850 gallons of spirits. The first soap- 

 houses in Denmark were established in 1662, at Co- 

 penhagen. There are now six or seven in this city. 

 There are soap-houses also at Aalborg, and in some 

 other places. The total produce of these manufactories 

 is valued at 72,000 rix-dollars ; and the original ma- 

 terials, which are brought from abroad, cost about 

 32,000. The inhabitants of the village of Worup, in 

 the canton of Worde, and of many other places in Jut- 

 land, have, for a long period of time, manufactured a 

 species of black pottery, remarkable for its solidity and 

 its lustre, and much in request, not only in Denmark, 

 but also in Hamburgh and Holland. The earth which 

 they employ for the purpose, is a fine bluish clay 

 found in the neighbourhood, to which they add a mix- 

 ture of sand, carefully cleaned. This branch of in- 

 dustry produces, within three parishes, nearly 13,660 

 rix-dollars yearly. There are manufactures of earthen 

 ware also in the isles of Bornholm and Falster. At the 

 village of Castrup, in the isle of Amak, is a manufactory 

 of delft-ware, which sells readily in Copenhagen. In 

 1774, a manufacture of porcelain was established at 

 Copenhagen by public subscription, under the direc- 

 tion of Francis Henry Muller, a man of great chemical 

 knowledge. But the profits of this manufactory, which 

 the king was at last obliged to purchase to prevent the 

 ruin of the individuals concerned, have never yet cover- 

 ed the expences of the establishment. To encourage 

 this manufactory, the importation of foreign porcelain 

 is prohibited, with the exception of what is brought 

 from China by the ships of the Asiatic company. At 

 Frederickswaeerk, there is an extensive manufactory of 

 brass cannon, mortars, bombs, balls, and powder, for 

 the use of the army and navy. From 1762 to 1772, 

 this manufactory delivered nine hundred pieces of can- 

 non and mortars, twenty thousand bombs and grenades, 

 and 3,000,000 pounds of powder. In 1 802, the number 

 of workmen employed in this manufactory was 920. 

 Another manufactory, situated in the neighbourhood of 

 Elsineur, furnishes annually 3500 muskets, and a great 

 quantity of bayonets, pistols, and sabre blades, and 

 gives employment to 400 people. In Copenhagen there 

 is a manufactory of nails, &c. belonging to a company of 

 merchants. There has also been established in the 

 same city, another manufactory of ironmongery goods, 

 by an individual. Two miles from Copenhagen, on the 

 banks of a small stream, are three brass foundries. In 

 these there are generally 300 workmen employed ; and 

 the annual consumption of brass, when the sale is good, 

 is about 94 tons. There has been a foundery of printers 

 types in Copenhagen since the year 1740, which sup- 

 plies the printers of the country, and sometimes makes 

 exportations to Sweden and Russia. There are various 

 other manufactories in Denmark, which are either too 

 inconsiderable to merit particular description, or of 

 which the extent and importance have not been suf- 

 ficiently ascertained; such as the manufactories of seal- 

 ing-wax, of hair-powder, and of starch ; as also those of 

 tiles, of bricks, of tobacco, of tobacco-pipes, of hats, and 



DENMARK. 



candles, &c. In the duchies of Sleswick and Holstein,. Statistics.. 

 which are chiefly agricultural countries, the manufac- '-"""V^"' 

 tures have not been earned to any very great extent. 

 These provinces are not, however, altogether destitute 

 of them. There are manufactures of woollen cloth, of 

 carpets, and of bedcovers, at Husum in Sleswick, and 

 at Altona, Neumunster, and Rendsburg in Holstein. 

 Altona and Vansbeck have considerable establishment- 

 for the printing of calicoes, in which they carry on a 

 trade. The paper manufactories of Flensburg, and of 

 some other towns; the tanneries of Altona; the glass 

 works of the same city, and its tobacco manufactures, 

 also deserve to be noticed. The distilleries of spirits 

 from grain, at Flensburg, are two hundred in num- 

 ber, which send their produce chiefly to Norway. The 

 distilleries at the same time fatten cattle with the re- 

 fuse of the grain, which they likewise export. Thi? 

 branch of trade altogether circulates 200,000 rix-dollars 

 yearly. Around the gulf of Flensburg, are a great 

 number of tile-works, the produce of which is sold to 

 advantage in Copenhagen. The Hernhutes, the foun- 

 ders of Cbristiansfeld, and its only inhabitants, have in- 

 troduced into it all kinds of manufactures, which are 

 in a flourishing state. Besides the artisans, whose 

 goods are in great demand, this city contains manufac- 

 tories of woollen cloth, of woollen hosiery, of candles, 

 of soap, and of sealing-wax, as also distilleries and 

 breweries. The manufactures of this place, though 

 high priced, obtain a ready sale. 



CHAP. IV. 



Commerce. 



No country can be better adapted for internal com- internal 

 merce than Denmark. The seas with which it is encircled commerce, 

 and intersected, and its numerous gulfs which often pe- 

 netrate into the very heart of the country, and sometimes 

 extend nearly from one sea to another, afford the ut- 

 most facility of communication between the different 

 provinces. These natural facilities of interior naviga- 

 tion which the inhabitants of Denmark possess, are con- 

 siderably lessened, however, by their neglecting to clear 

 the entrances into the harbours, which are in general 

 much obstructed with the sand and mud that has been 

 allowed to collect for a great period of time. Den- 

 mark is by no means distinguished by the same facility 

 of intercourse by land. The roads long continued in 

 the most deplorable condition, and occasioned much 

 surprise and inconvenience to travellers. The public 

 attention was at length directed to this subject, and hi 

 1778, a plan for the general improvement of the roads R oa d s ; 

 throughout this country was adopted, and each pro- 

 prietor assessed in an annual portion of labour or of 

 money for this purpose. This plan has been gradually 

 executing, and there are now some roads in Denmark, 

 particularly that from Elsineur by Copenhagen to Cor- 

 saer on the shores of the Great Belt, equal to those of" 

 any other country. The principal internal traffic of 

 Denmark is carried on in the markets and fairs, which 

 are held in the different cities, at which the manufac- 

 tures and commodities of the place, and the productions 

 of the neighbouring country, are exposed to sale. With 

 the exception of Copenhagen, Odensee, Aalborg, Ripera, 

 Fredericia, and Aarhuus, most of the cities of the islands 

 and of Jutland are in a very languishing condition. 

 A short and easy communication has been effected be- 

 tween the city of Odensee and the sea, by means of a. 

 canal, which cost about 75,000 dollars. Several navigable 

 rivers, the Elbe, the Trave, the Stoer, and the Eyder, 

 facilitate the interior communication of the duchies. 



5 



