062 



DENMARK. 



■Statistics. 



National 

 debt. 



Army. 



Regulars. 



J»!ilitia. 



Rise dollars. 

 4,828,500 



Brought forward 

 Bounties for the encouragement of com-") 



merce, mines, and manufactures .... J ' 



Annuities 27,000 



Buildings and repairs 120,000 



Interest of the national debt 1,100,000 



Sinking fund 150,000 



Total 6,525,000 

 or L. 1,262,903 



The national debt in 1758 amounted to 4,250,250 

 rix dollars. In 1771, it was at home 7,139,762 rix dol- 

 lars, and abroad 10,051,18*, making in all 17,190,946. 

 A system of stricter economy was introduced into all 

 the public departments of the state in 1785, and at the 

 same time means were taken for rendering the revenue 

 more productive. The public debt has, in consequence, 

 been considerably reduced, though no doubt the dis- 

 turbances in Europe which have since taken place, have 

 much retarded the plans of liquidation adopted by the 

 Danish government. 



CHAP. VIII. 



Military and Naval Establishments. 



Army. — The forces of Denmark eonsist of regular 

 troops and of militia. The number of the former varies 

 according to circumstances, and is composed partly of 

 natives and partly of foreigners, chiefly Germans. For- 

 merly every person who possessed 36'0 acres of land was 

 obliged to furnish one man for the militia, and to pay 

 half the expence of a man for the corps of reserve. In 

 1788 this faulty system was abolished, and the militia 

 is now raised in the following manner. Every peasant 

 at his birth is enrolled in the militia lists. The age 

 during which they are liable to be called upon to serve, 

 is from twenty-one to thirty-six ; and when vacancies 

 take place, the oldest on the roll of the district must 

 supply them.. The term of a militiaman's engagement 

 is eight years, and before the expiration of that period, 

 he cannot quit his district without leave from the con- 

 stituted authorities. The militia of this country are not 

 formed into separate regiments, but are attached to the 

 regiments of the line. They are occasionally exercised 

 jU small bodies on Sundays and holidays, and are em- 

 bodied once every year, at which time they join their 

 respective regiments. In Denmark and the duchies, 

 this annual service continues about a month, and in 

 Norway twelve days.. The clothing of the Danish army 

 is furnished by an extensive manufactory established 

 by government for this purpose. The prevailing uni- 

 form is red. The regulars are clothed every three 

 years, the militia only every twelve. The troops of the 

 line are paid according to the following scale : 



Piy nl the 



1 7±0 rix dollars per annum. ' 

 852 . ... .• ' 



A colonel . . . _ . 

 Lieutenant-colonel 



First captain 600 



Second captain .... 228 ...... 



First lieutenant . . . 156 . ....... ...... 



Second lieutenant . . 133 



Ensign 114 



Serjeant 13 shillings per day. 



Corporal 12 



Private 6 .... , 



\ ciilitiaman has five rix dollars yearly, besides two 



skillings per Danish mile (4^ English) when marching Statistics, 

 to the station of his regiment, and the pay of a soldier ■""""V""""' 

 while he remains there. The regular troops are sta- 

 tioned in the cities and fortresses, and lodged at the 

 expence of the citizens. The horses of the regular 

 cavalry are maintained partly at the expence of go- 

 vernment, and partly by the farmers. The army is 

 supplied with officers from the Academy of Land Ca- 

 dets, instituted by Frederic the Fourth, where seventy- 

 four cadets are instructed in the military sciences at 

 the royal expence. The whole military force of Den- 

 mark, in 1 796, was as follows : 



Cavalry. 

 In Denmark and the duchies 

 In Norway 



6,066 

 4,349 



Infantry. 

 In" Denmark and the duchies 

 In Norway „ 



10,415 



30,396 

 30,509 



60,905 



Corps of engineers 

 Corps of artillery 



35 

 3,299 



Total 74,654 



Of the above, 50,880 are militia, 7808 being cavalry, 

 and the remainder infantry. In 1801, a new militia 

 was raised, called the defence of the country, and com- 

 posed of all those who had served in the ordinary mi- 

 litia, and who had not attained the age of forty-five. 

 Denmark possesses strong natural ramparts. The most 

 important fortifications are those of Copenhagen, of 

 Fredericia in Jutland, of Rendsburg, and Gluckstadt in 

 Holstein, and of Fredericshall, Fredericstadt, Agger- 

 huus, and Fredericswsern in Norway. 



Navy. The Danes, from their insular situation, have Navy. 

 long excelled as a maritime people, and are still the 

 most numerous,, as well as the most experienced, sailors 

 of any of the kingdoms on the Baltic. In the beginning; 

 of the year 1801, the Danish navy consisted of 22 ships 

 of the line fit for service, and seven which were dis- 

 masted; of 15 frigates, four brigs, 13 gun-boats, and 

 three praams, besides several vessels on the stocks. Since 

 the above period, this naval force has been greatly re- 

 duced, or almost entirely annihilated, first by the victo- 

 ry of Lord Nelson, and afterwards by the seizure of 

 their whole fleet by a British armament in the month 

 of August 1807. A considerable time must elapse be- 

 fore Denmark can again appear powerful at sea. The 

 building and refitting of the ships of the Danish navy 

 is intrusted to a particular board appointed for that' 

 purpose, to whose examination all plans and models are 

 submitted. The greater part of the oak employed in 

 the naval arsenals is procured from Germany, by con- 

 tract with the king of Prussia. Holstein produces 

 oaks, but not in sufficient quantity, and they are pre- 

 served for cases of extreme necessity. All the cannon, 

 shot, anchors, and iron work are cast in Norway. Flax, 

 hemp, and masts, are procured from Russia, and pitch 

 and tar from Sweden. The Danes have manufactories 

 of cordage and sails, but they do not yield sufficient for 

 the use of the fleet. The remainder is procured from 

 Russia and Holland. The principal station of the Da- 

 nish navy is the harbour of Copenhagen, which lies 

 within the fortifications. Four or five ships of the line 



