Devon- 

 shire, 

 Deutzia. 



D E U 639 D E W 



fountains. The view from Maken heights is still more DEW. &ee Meteorology. 



extensive than that from Mount Edgecombe, but not DE WITT, John, the celebrated Dutch statesman, 



equal to it in picturesque effect. Powderham castle was born on the 25th September 1625. His father, ' 



should also be visited for its pictures, grounds, and ro- James De Witt, was a man of considerable learning and 



mantic views ; and the castle of Berry Pomeroy, for its capacity, and held, during several years, the office of 



magnificent ruins. Cromlechs, similar to those of Corn- burgomaster of the city of Dort. 



wall, are also met with in this county. Devonshire is John De Witt was distinguished, at an early age, by 



not particularly distinguished for its manufactures. A his love of the sciences, and made a rapid progress in 



few long ells for the East India trade are made at North his studies. Jurisprudence, political economy, and the 



and South Molton, and some other places. Coarse mathematics, principally engaged his attention ; and 



woollen serges are made at Totness, Moreton, Hemp- he soon exhibited sufficient proofs of his proficiency in 



stead, Chagford, &c. ; they are generally sent to Exeter the last of these sciences, in his work, entitled, Elemen - 



to be dyed. At Tavistock, there are an iron foundery ta Cur varum Linea rum, which was published when he 



and cutlery on rather a large scale. In the neighbour- was only 23 years of age. Having finished his acade- 



hood of Kingsbridge, a liquor, called white ale, is brew- mical studies, he took the degree of Doctor of LaAvs, 



ed ; a material called grout is put into it, but the na- and afterwards travelled, for some years, in foreign 



ture of this is not known, except, it is said, to one fami Jy. countries. Upon his return, in 1650, he was appoint- 



White ale possesses a very intoxicating quality ; it is of ed pensionary of Dort ; and after the death of Adrian 



considerable antiquity, as the tithe of white ale is men- Paauw, he was chosen pensionary of Holland and West 



tioned in the terrier of the advowson of Dodbrook. Friesland, intendant of the finances, and keeper of the 



The principal exports from Exeter, &c. are cyder, wool- great seal of these provinces. 



len cloth, potters clay, and a prepared kind of fish cal- The history of the public administration of this dis- 

 led Buclchorn. Foreign produce is chiefly brought from tinguished statesman will be given, for the sake of con- 

 London, and coals from Newcastle, Sunderland, and nection, in the article Holland. During nearly 20 

 Wales. years of the most flourishing aera of the United Pro- 

 Devonshire is esteemed a healthy county ; the only vinces, he stood at the head of the government of his 

 endemial disease, is the Devonshire colica, (colic pic- country ; and, by his eminent political talents, contri- 

 tonum, ) tins prevails in the cyder districts, but whether buted to elevate her to a high station among the Eu- 

 from the solution of lead used in the vessels for making ropean powers. By his skilful management, during 

 and keeping the cyder, or from ill-made cyder, drank that period, he contrived to stifle the hopes and pre- 

 in a recent state, is not known. Many superstitions tensions of the Orange party, to preserve a spirit of 

 still linger in this county, among which the most sin- union among all the provinces, to replenish the trea- 

 gular is that respecting the Pixies, a race of beings in- sury, and to equip a fleet which was able to cope with 

 visibly small, and harmless or friendly to man. the navy of England. 



The original name of Devonshire is said to have been De Witt was a zealous advocate of peace, and stre- 

 Dyvnaint or the country of Glens; the Belgae had nuously opposed the war with England in 1652. In 

 penetrated into it before the arrival of the Romans : the treaty of peace which was concluded with Crom- 

 in their time, this county and Cornwall were called well, an article was inserted to exclude the Prince of 

 Danmonium : under them, it was included in the dis- Orange, and his posterity, from the offices of stadthold- 

 trict named Briitannia Prima. By the Saxons, it made a er and captain-general ; an article which excited con- 

 part of the kingdom of Wessex; and thus it continued siderable discontent among the Dutch, and tended to 

 till the incorporation of the Saxon heptarchy into one render the minister unpopular. He was, however, re- 

 ■nonarchy. elected pensionary of Holland in 1663. In the war 

 According to the returns of the population act, in with England, which soon afterwards ensued, he was 

 1811, Devonshire contained, appointed one of the commissioners to superintend 



the navy; and he was subsequently joined with two 



Inhabited houses 62,318 other individuals in the command of the fleet; in 



Families occupy mg them 79,4.15 w hich situation he greatly distinguished himself by his 



Houses building . . ■ 766 ga u a ntry and tactical skiD, and received thanks for his 



Houses uninhabited 2,475 services. 



Families employed in agriculture 33,044 In spite of the reat talents and mnuence f the 



Families employed m trade &c. . 30,977 pensionary, the Orange party daily gained new ground ; 



Families not comprised m these classes .... 15,394 and considerable commotions were excited, through- 

 ** a ' es l/9>553 ou t severa j f the provinces, in favour of the young- 

 Females 203,755 p r j nce . By the perpetual edict, enacted by the states of 



383,308 Holland, in the year 1667, no Stadtholder was ever in 



In 1801 354,40q future to be appointed in Holland ; and no Stadtholder 



Increase 28,908 of any of the other provinces was ever to have the vote 



of Holland, at the election of a captain-general of the 



See Vancouver's Agricultural Survey of Devonshire; union. But the measures adopted by De Witt to se- 



Polwhele's History of Devonshire ; Maton's Observations cure the republican form of government, were entirely 



on the Western Counties of England ; Dr Berger on the disconcerted, in consequence of the invasion of the 



Physical Structure of Devonshire and Cornwall, in the United Provinces by the French monarch, Louis XIV. 



Geological Transactions ; Marshall's Rural Economy of The distresses occasioned by the war were severely 



the West of England ; Beauties of England and Wales, felt, and the popularity of the minister daily decli- 



vol. iv. (w. s.) ned. The command of the army was immediately 



DEUTZIA, a genus of plants of the class Decandria, conferred upon Prince William of Orange; and the 



and order Trigynia. See Botany, p. 217. magistrates throughout Holland were soon compelled 



TOL. VII. PART II. 4 S 



Dew, 

 De Witt. 



