12 Memoir on the Ancient Coins of Beghrdm. [Jan. 



during the winter ; and the few coins they may hring with them, they 

 disperse among the dealers in the small towns, as their trifling wants 

 of oil, tobacco, &c. may induce them. Euthydemus being denominated 

 of Magnesia, it may be questioned, in what manner he ascended the 

 Bactrian throne, whether by the right of lawful succession, or of success- 

 ful usurpation. At all events, he appears to have been a sovereign of 

 great talents, worthy of his exalted rank. 



Of Apollodotus, besides a large number of copper coins, we have 

 this year procured five silver quadrangular coins, the type varying from 

 those already known. 



* Of the celebrated Menander, this season has afforded us some copper 

 coins of novel types, and a large number of silver drachmas and hemi- 

 drachmas, presenting alike some varieties in the types : we found not 

 one of this prince's coins at Jeldldbdd, where we indeed met with two 

 of Apollodotus, but decline to draw inferences from solitary specimens. 

 When we consider the coincidences observable on the coins of 

 Menander and Apollodotus, some of which have even the same figures 

 on the reverses with the resemblance of their features ; and when we 

 find them conjointly commemorated by Arrian and Trogus, the only 

 two ancient authors who have recorded the latter 's name, we feel every 

 inclination to conjecture that the ties of consanguinity must have 

 connected them. As Apollodotus is previously named by both these 

 authorities, he may be supposed to have been the father, or perhaps 

 elder brother, of Menander ; and that he preceded the latter in sove- 

 reignty would seem nearly certain, being borne out by every circum- 

 stance attending the coins we discover. That the reigns of both these 

 princes was of considerable duration is evidenced by the numerous 

 coins we find, and by the variety of types they exhibit, proving them 

 to have been struck at different periods. The busts of Apollodotus 

 on the two or three coins hitherto found, which exhibit them, have an 

 extremely youthful appearance ; and the portraits of Menander display 

 the transition from youth to manhood. That Apollodotus reigned in 

 Bactriana proper, we doubt with Bayer, although his pretensions have 

 been advocated by Colonel Tod. That he was the son of Euthydemus, 

 we think certain, and that he was the father or elder brother of Menan- 

 der, we think probable, and assuredly his predecessor; that he governed 

 in the provinces south of Bactriana is certain, and there, according to 

 the suggestions of Schlegel, I incline to locate his original kingdom 

 and that of Menander ; that this kingdom may have included some of 

 the provinces of Bactriana Latior, or the regions immediately north of 

 the Caucasus, is very probable, and would justify its monarchs' being 

 styled kings of Bactria by their historians. How far this kingdom 



