1836.] Memoir on the Ancient Coins of Beghrdm. 13 



extended eastward, we may not be able now to determine ; but the 

 non-discovery of the coins of Apollodotus at Jelalabad (holding two 

 or three specimens procured from bazars, but found no one knows 

 where, no exception to the remark) seems to prove that in his time an 

 independent power must have existed there : this receives farther proof 

 when we meet not there with the coins of his successor Menander, which 

 abound so numerously at Beghrdm. As Apollodotus certainly invaded 

 India, we may suppose him, without prejudice to the kingdom of Nysa, 

 to have marched by the route of Khouram, Bannti, and Multdn to the 

 Hyphasis, on exactly the same route that was followed by Timu'r; and 

 in corroboration thereof, we find him brought to the Hyphasis, where he 

 re-edified the city of Sangdla under the name of Euthydemia. There 

 can be little doubt but that Sangdla owed its revival to Apollodotus. 

 That it sprang into new consideration under the auspices of a son of 

 Euthydemus, can scarcely be questioned, and every circumstance seems 

 to point out that son to have been Apollodotus. The coin discovered 

 by Dr. Swiney, which bears the epithet Philopater, not a little confirms 

 this fact. Menander, whether the son or brother of Apollodotus, 

 seems fairly entitled to be considered his successor. This prince followed 

 up the Indian conquests, while he preserved his dominion in the provinces 

 south of Bactriana ; but these latter, on his decease, probably will have 

 been assumed by Eucratides the I., or the Great, king of Bactriana 

 proper. Menander, we know, was interrupted in his warlike operation 

 by death ; but when, and where, is not recorded by history, which has 

 been alike faithless to the actions of one of the most illustrious sove- 

 reigns that ever held a sceptre. 



The coins of Eucratides I., so numerously found at Beg hrdm, are not 

 to be discovered at Jeldldbdd any more than those of Apollodotus and 

 Menander, considering always a single specimen no evidence that 

 coins of that species were once current there, but rather that they were 

 not : this circumstance farther substantiates the existence of an inde- 

 pendent monarchy at Nysa, and that it was sufficiently powerful 

 to maintain its integrity inviolate ; for Eucratides was no doubt a 

 warlike and ambitious prince. 



Before adverting farther to Eucratides, we may be excused in 

 offering two or three observations as to Demetrius, a recorded son of 

 Euthydemus, and employed by him in his negociations with Antiochus. 

 If he stand simply recorded as a son, it neither proves that he was the 

 elder son, although probable, or, that he was the only son. As it was 

 probably by his means that Euthydemus subverted the kingdom of 

 Gaj, in the Paropamisan range — an event which could not have occurred 

 until the close of the reign of Euthydemus; as Sophagasenus, the father 



