16 Memoir on the Ancient Coins of Beghrdm. [Jan. 



found is 108, as preserved on the silver didrachma in the Earl of Pem- 

 broke's cabinet, noted dvPinkerton and indicating the close of his reign. 

 Neither do the features ofEucRATiDES, as preserved onhis coins, exhibit the 

 striking variation of youth to manhood observed on those of Menander, 

 and do not authorize us to allow so long a reign as 35 years. I incline 

 to date his accession at the epoch 84, of the Bactrian rera, and to fix the 

 duration of his reign to 25 years : thus gaining between it and the 

 demise of Euthydemus an interval of twenty-four years ; but even this 

 increased interval does not suffice for the reigns of Apollodotus, Me- 

 nander, and Antimachus. Those of the two former, particularly of 

 Menander, were certainly of some duration, as evidenced by their 

 numerous coins of various types discovered. Apollodotus, from the 

 youthful bust displayed on his coins, may be inferred to have died young ; 

 but Menander, we think, must be allowed to have attained mature 

 manhood, or the age of forty to forty-five years : while his numerous 

 coins, shewing the traits of extreme youth, seem to attest his accession 

 to sovereignty at an early period of his life, and consequently confirm 

 the length of his reign. Many of the coins of both these princes have 

 alphabetical monograms, which, if accepted as numeral ones, may assist 

 us in our conjectures. On the copper coins of Menander we find HA or 

 81, which can only refer to the Bactrian a^ra. On the silver coin found 

 by Colonel Tod, we find Ia or 14, which can only refer to his individual 

 reign. HB or 82 is also found on the coins of Menander, which brings 

 us nearly to the number indicated by HE or 85, the lowest number to 

 be found on the coins of Eucratides. That this prince succeeded Men- 

 ander in the government of the countries immediately south of the 

 Caucasus appears unquestionable ; but it was most likely by forcible 

 assumption : for had he been the lawful successor of Menander, he was 

 not of a character to have relinquished his Indian possessions, where 

 it would appear almost certain he did not reign : these observations 

 are necessary, because the adoption of a monogram by Menander, which 

 may be supposed to indicate the Bactrian «ra, might induce an opinion 

 that he was the predecessor of Eucratides in Bactriana proper; while 

 other circumstances we have noted seem to prove that he was not, 

 independently of the ambiguous nature of the monograms themselves. 

 The age depicted on the busts of Apollodotus, and on those of the early 

 coins of Menander, seem so nearly to agree, that while we would fain 

 consider the latter as the successor of the former, we can scarcely 

 suppose him the son, and our alternative is to conjecture him the bro- 

 ther. If Menander be admitted to have reigned in Bactria, we fancy 

 Apollodotus must be also; and it may be granted that their joint reigns 

 might conveniently fill the interval between Euthydemus and Eucra- 



