34 Quotations from original Sanscrit [Jan. 



of argumentative inferences, he demand of me simple facts, here they 

 are. In the Sata Sahasrika, Prajna Paramitd, or Racha Bhagavati, and 

 also in the nine Dharmas (the oldest and highest written authorities), it is 

 affirmed more or less directly, or is clearly deducible from the context, 

 in a thousand passages (for the subject is not expressly treated), that the 

 only true followers of Buddha are monks, the majority being coenobites, 

 the rest, solitaries. The fullest enumeration of these followers (Bhikshu 

 Srdxaka or Srdmana, Chailaka, and Arhata or Arhana or ArhantaJ 

 proves them to have been all monks, tonstired, subject to the usual 

 vows, (nature teaching to all mankind that wealth, women and power, 

 are the grand tempters,) resident in monasteries (Vihdr) or in deserts, 

 and essentially peers, though of course acknowledging the claims of 

 superior wisdom and piety. The true church, the congregation of the 

 faithful, is constantly said to consist of such only ; and I am greatly 

 mistaken indeed if the church in this sense be synonymous with the 

 clergy ; or, if the primitive church of Buddha recognised an absolutely 

 distinct body such as we (i. e. Catholics, Lutherans, and Kirkmen) 

 ordinarily mean when we speak of the latter. The first mention of an 

 exclusive, professional active, minister of religion, or priest, in the 

 Bauddha books, is in those of a comparatively recent date, and not of 

 scriptural authority. Therein the Vajra Achdrya (for so he is called) 

 first appears arrayed with the ordinary attributes of a priest. But his 

 character is anomalous, as is that of every thing about him ; and the 

 learned Bauddhas of Nepal at the present day universally admit the 

 falling off from the true faith. We have in these books, Bhikshus 

 Srdvakas, Chailaks, and Sdkya-Vansikas*, bound by their primitive 

 rules for ten days (in memory of the olden time) and then released from 

 them ; tonsured, yet married ; ostensibly monks, but really citizens of 

 the world. 



From any of the above, the Vajra Achdrya, is drawn indiscriminately ; 

 he keeps the keys of the no longer open treasury ; and he is surrounded 



* An inscription at Carli identifies the splendid Salivdhana with the head of 

 the Saka tribe, which is that of Sakya Sinha. The Sdkya-Vansikas, or people 

 of the race of Srikga, appeared in Nepdl as refugees from Brahman bigotry, some 

 time after Buddhism had been planted in these hills. Sdkya is universally allowed 

 to have been the son of king Suddhodana, sovereign of Magadha or Bihar. He 

 is said to have been born in the " Asthdn of Kapila Muni,' 1 at Ganga S&gar, 

 according to some ; in Oude, as others say. His birth place was not necessarily 

 within his father's kingdom. He may have been born when his father was on 

 a pilgrimage to the shrine of the Saint Kapila. Sa'kya died, according to my 

 authorities, in Assam, and left one son named Rahula Bhadra. The Saftasv/ere 

 Kshetriyds of the solar line, according to Bauddha authorities : nor is it any 

 proof of the contrary that they appear not in the Br&hmanical genealogies. See 

 note in the sequel. 



