36 Quotations from original Sanscrit [Jan. 



If, as Remusat and Upham appear to insist is the case, every monas- 

 tic follower of Buddha be a priest, then Bandya or Bonze* must be 

 rendered into English by the word ' clergyman,' But there will still 

 remain as much difference betw r een Bandya and Sangha as, in Christian 

 estimation, between an ordinary parson of the present day, and one of 

 the inspired primitive professors. Of old, the spirit descended upon all 

 alike ; and Sangha was this hallowed and gifted congregation. But 

 the glory has passed away, and the term been long sanctified and set 

 apart. So has, in part, and for similar reasons, the word Arhata. But 

 Bandya, as a generic title, and Bhikshu, Srdvaka, and Chailakrt, as spe- 

 cific ones, are still every-day names of every-day people, priests, if it 

 must be so, but, as I conceive, ascetics or monks merely. In the thick 

 night of ignorance and superstition which still envelopes Tibet, the 

 people fancy they yet behold Arhatas in the persons of their divine 

 Lamas. No such imagination however possesses the heads of the fol- 

 lowers of Buddha in Nepal, Ceylon, or extra Gangetic India ; though 

 in the last mentioned country the name Arhata is popularly applied to 

 the modern order of the clergy, an order growing there, as in Nepal, (if 

 my opinions be sound) out of that deviation from the primitive geniua 

 and type of the system which resulted necessarily from its popular dif- 

 fusion as the rule of life and practice of whole nations. 



In conclusion I would observe, that, in my apprehension, Remusat's 

 interpretation of the various senses of the Triadic doctrine is neither 



* The possible meaning of this word has employed in vain the sagacity of 

 sundry critics. In its proper form of Bandya, it is pure Sanscrit, signifying a 

 person entitled to reverence, and is derived from Bandana. 



Equally curious and instructive is it to find in the Sanscrit records of Buddhism 

 the solution of so many enigmas collected by travellers from all parts of Asia ; 

 E. G. Ei phinstonb's mound is a genuine Chaitya, and its proper name is 

 Manik&laya, or the place of the precious relic. The mound is a tomb temple. 

 The ' tumuli eorum Christi altaria' of the poet, is more true of Buddhism than 

 even of the most perverted model of Christianity ; the cause being probably the 

 same, originally, in reference to both creeds, viz. persecution and martyrdom, 

 with consequent divine honours to the sufferers. The Bauddhas, however, have 

 in this matter gone a step further in the descending scale of representative 

 adoration than the Catholics ; for they worship the mere image of that structure 

 which is devoted to the inshrining of the relics of their saints ; they worship the 

 architectural model or form of the Chaitya. 



The Chaitya of Sambhu natb in Nepal is affirmed to cover Jyoti rupya 

 Swayambhu, or the self-existent, in the form of flame : nor was there ever any 

 thing exclusive of theism in the connexion of tomb and temple : for Chailyas 

 were always dedicated to the celestial Buddhas, not only in Nepdl, but in the 

 plains of India, as the Chaityas of Sanchi, of Gy&, and of Bay, demonstrate. The- 

 Dhyani Buddhas appear in the oldest monuments of the continent and islands.. 



