38 Description of the Sivatherium, [Jan. 



I possess very many drawings exhibiting the arrangement mentioned 

 by Rem u sat ; but all subservient to mere ritual purposes, and conse- 

 quently worthy of no serious attention. The Matantara, or variorum 

 text of the pujaris of the present day, displays an infinite variety of 

 formulae*, illustrated by corresponding sculptural and pictorial devices, 

 embodied in those works, and transferred from them to the walls and 

 interior of temples existing all over the valley of Nepal. 



[To be continued.'] 



III. — Sivatherium Giganteum, a new Fossil Ruminant Genus, from the 

 Valley of the Markanda, in the Sivdlik branch of the Sub-Himalayan 

 Mountains. By Hugh Falconer, M. D. Superintendent Botanical 

 Garden, Sehdranpur, and Captain P. T. Cautley, Superintendent 

 Dodb Canal. 



[The fossil here described is of such importance that we make no apology for 

 reprinting the following article entire from theoutcoming volume of the Physical 

 Researches of the Society, having prepared the engraving of the head, so as to serve 

 both editions : it should be remarked, in regard to the engraving, that the figure of 

 the palate and teeth is on rather a larger scale than the rest. — Ed.] 



The fossil which we ai-e about to describe forms a new accession to 

 extinct Zoology. This circumstance alone would give much interest to 

 it. But in addition, the large size, surpassing the rhinocreos ; the family 

 of Mammalia to which it belongs; and the forms of structure which it 

 exhibits ; render the Sivatherium one of the most remarkable of the past 

 tenants of the globe, that have hitherto been detected in the more recent 

 strata. 



Of the numerous fossil mammiferous genera discovered and established 

 by Cuvier, all were confined to the Pachydermata. The species belonging 

 toother families have all their living representatives on the earth. Among 

 the Ruminantia, no remarkable deviation from existing types has hitherto 

 been discovered, the fossil being closely allied to living species. The 

 isolated position, however, of the Giraffe and the Camelidse, made it 

 probable, that certain genera had become extinct, which formed the 

 connecting links between those and the other genera of the family, and 

 further between the Ruminantia and the Pachydermata. In the Sivathe- 

 riumt we have a ruminant of this description connecting the family with 



* See the classified enumeration of the principal objects of Buddha worship 

 appended to this paper. Appendix B. 



f We have named the fossil, Sivatherium, from Siva, the Hindu god, and erjpiou 

 bellua. The Sivdlik or Sub-Himalayan range of hills, is considered in the Hindu 

 mythology, as the Lutiah or edge of the roof of Siva's dwelling in the Himalaya, 

 and hence they are called the Siva-ala or Sib-ala, which by an easy transition of 

 sound became the Sewalik of the English. The fossil has been discovered in a tract 

 ■which may be included in the Sewalik range, and we have given the name of Siva- 

 therium to it, to commemorate this remarkable formation so rich in new animals. 

 Another derivation of the name of the hills, as explained by the Mahant or High 

 Priest at Dehra, is as follows : 



Sewalik a corruption of Siva-iocila, a name given to the tract of mountains between 

 the Jumna and Ganges, from having been the residence of Iswara Siva and his son 

 Gane's, who under the form of an Elephant had charge of the Westerly portion 

 from the village of Dudhli to the Jumna, which portion is also called Gangaja, gaja 

 being in Hindi an Elephant. That portion Eastward from Dudhli, or between that 

 village and Haridwdr, is called Deodhar, from itsbeing the especial residence of Deota 

 or Iswara Siva : the whole tract however between the Jumna and Ganges is called 

 Siva-ala, or the habitation of Siva : unde der. Sewalik. 



