112 Notes on Geological Specimens from [Feb. 



in situ, greatly broken up by the eruption of the precipitous trap ridge, 

 on which it was seen. The thickness of the grass and wood jungle 

 prevented its being traced with sufficient accuracy. Fragments of the 

 same rock were also seen at Thitnoor ; and a very similar rock was 

 observed in horizontal strata at Muneer, not far from some great 

 blocks, containing marine fossils, in one specimen of which small 

 univalve shells were found. But as this locality was only examined 

 by torch light, I could form no judgment as to the formation being 

 the same ; although the total absence of fossils in the blue limestone, 

 over extensive tracts in which I have searched for them, incline me to 

 think that they are different. 



The relative age of the blue limestone and great trap formation, to 

 which these hills belong, being ascertained by these and other facts ; it 

 may be hoped, that a careful comparison of the fossils will assist in 

 determining the period to which other rocks occurring to the north 

 and south belong. I have not been able to detect amongst them any of 

 the Himalaya fossils ; but some fragments found in indurated clay at 

 Jirpoh, near the hot springs in the valley of the Nerbada, and in a 

 specimen from the Gawilgurh fossil rock, described by Dr. Voysey in 

 the 18th vol. of the As. Res. appear to belong to some of the same 

 shells. 



The march to the Payngunga river is over a flat country of black 

 soil, modified in some places by a mixture of earth derived from slate 

 clay, which appears occasionally at the surface, and of the same kind as 

 that found below the limestone of Cuddapah, or which takes its place 

 under the diamond breccia of Banganapilly. Jaspers, striped red and 

 white, are found in the black soil. Scattered over this extensive plain 

 are a number of small conical hillocks of white kankar, apparently 

 formed by springs issuing from the centre, and now dried up : in some 

 of them the apex is a little depressed. Several long straight ranges 

 are seen at a distance, generally fiat on the summits, but occasionally 

 rising into cones, with a lengthened base, corresponding to the direc- 

 tion of the hills. About half up the greatest height a remarkable line 

 extends all along, on which the summits appear to rise as on a terrace, 

 or like the parallel roads of Glen Roy. 



The pebbles of the Payngunga are principally calcedonies of a red- 

 dish color and the blue limestone. No. 93 is a specimen of the 

 calcareous sandy tuff from the banks of this fine river ; it is found as 

 high as 25 feet above the water at the fort; and is always horizontal, 

 with black soil between the layers, which are from an inch to three 

 feet thick. The surface is irregular, but seldom or ever shoots into 

 branches like the tuffa of the Godavery, and holes occasionally occur in 



