1836.] the Country between Hyderabad and Ndgpur. 115 



to be horizontal, and was white, red, Or of a fine yellow, easily decom- 

 posed, and having small metallic veins passing through its substance, 

 No. 100, and in one or two places, passed into a breccia, cemented by 

 lime. No other rock is found at a higher level. I had been induced 

 to examine this extensive slope, as the occurrence of the blue limestone 

 suggested the probability of a sandstone or breccia being found above 

 it, as at Cuddapah, before I discovered the sandstone at Urjuna, and 

 near Eidlabad ; I was therefore much gratified by finding it, although 

 different in mineralogical characters. The country did not afford any 

 section, but the sandstone probably rests on the blue limestone, which 

 is met with at a lower level, two miles to the north-east. A mile and 

 a half south of Kair*, the road crosses a small river, where there are 

 some masses of travertine several yards square, which have been carried 

 down by the stream : they are entirely composed of petrified branches 

 and leaves, with a cement in some parts of considerable thickness, and 

 more or less crystalline, or resembling kankar. 



The stream rises near the town in copious hot springs, whose water 

 is considered to be exceedingly pure and delicious ; bat when taken 

 from one of the springs, where it can be directly received, was found to 

 be acid to the taste, and, on boiling, deposited lime, which the carbonic 

 acid had held in solution. Bubbles of gas are also extricated with the 

 water, from one of the springs. The lime separates in its course, giving 

 a whitish appearance to the water of the pools, while it sparkles near 

 the springs and in the rapids, as was the case also at Lingti. The 

 temperature of the spring, in 1831 and 1833, was 87" and is the same 

 in May, June, and December ; but the difference to the feelings, accord- 

 ing to the temperature of the air, is so great, as to have led to the 

 belief that it is cold in the day and hot at night ; the thermometer, 

 however, showed that it was the same at 3 p. m. and 5 a. m. of the 5th 

 June, when that of the air was 100° and 81°. The principal spring 

 rises at the root of a great Banian tree below the pagoda, and is stated 

 by the devotees to flow in the same profusion the whole year, which 

 they account for by saying that it flows from the Ganges at Benares. 

 This and other springs form a stream, that increases as its course is 

 followed downwards, notwithstanding that much is directed to gardens, 

 and a fine sheet of paddy in the bend of the river thus formed. About 

 half a mile below the spring, the first formation of rock is found cross- 

 ing the stream like a dyke, but of considerable breadth ; others more 

 remarkable are found lower down, and after a winding course of 2§ 

 miles, it seems to cease. The congeries of branches, roots, and even 



* This small town must aot be confounded with a large place of the same 

 name on the Godavery. 



