118 Notes on Geological Specimens from [Feb. 



rals*. A good deal of sandstone has been used in the old buildings, 

 which the inhabitants stated to be brought from Sacra, five miles to the 

 west. 



To the north of Kair, the limestone resumes its blue color ; the soil 

 is black, and a little further on, mixed with calcedonies, &c. In the 

 nulla at Won, quartz sand, sandstone, and a mineral resembling pud- 

 ding-stone were picked up ; and at the foot of the hill, the remarkable 

 -vegetable fossil figured in the fifth number of the Madras Journal, and 

 now deposited in the museum of the Bengal Society. The small hill 

 of Won is composed of sandstone of different colors, red, white, and 

 yellow, and waved lines of a black color from disseminated iron, pass 

 through it in various directions — the composition of which is the same 

 as that in which the fossil is contained, and No. 100, from between 

 Urjuna and Kair. The strata have been elevated by the convulsions 

 to which the rest of the district has been subjected, and have a dip 

 from the apex of the hill, varying from 35 to 55 degrees : their direc- 

 tion on the southern face of the hill, is nearly from E. to W., but to 

 the west they turn off towards the rising ground o.i which the town is 

 situated, the line of bearing of the strata being from S. E. to N. W. 

 The swell of the hill extends some way to the east, but the country is 

 on the whole level. This sandstone is also found to the eastward in 

 the basin of the Wurdah and Godavery, beyond Chanda. 



Sand derived from these rocks forms the soil for two miles north 

 of Won : between that and the Wurdah, it consists of the basaltic 

 black soil, and the gravel of that river is composed of calcedonies, 

 agates, &c. of which a calcareous conglomerate, in horizontal strata, 

 two or three feet thick, has been formed, No» 123. 



At Waronah, white sandstone and a yellow slate, apparently belong- 

 ing to the clay slate formation to which Voysey refers the blue lime- 

 stone, is used in building ; and one obtained from a hill five miles dis- 

 tant, which I had not time to visit. Most of the pagodas between 

 Hingan ghat and Chanda are built of the same materials. Between 

 Waronah and Chiknee the country is level, well cultivated, and the 

 water within a few feet of the surface ; much fever prevails after the 

 rains, although there is no wood or marsh. Basalt protrudes from 

 the level soil, and near it, the bed of a small nulla displays strangely 

 altered strata of the red slate clay, seen at Lingtee, which is broken 

 up, and intermixed with crystalline nodules and layers of calcareous 



* In some specimens, the surface has the appearance of a semifused brick, which 

 had assumed something of a regular arrangement, whilst the centre is composed 

 of the blue limestone little altered. 



