1836.] of the Dddupur collection. 489 



to predominate. The part of the hills here alluded to is barren of 

 wood. The strata evidently suffer very rapid degradation, in conse- 

 quence of the facility with which the clayey beds yield to the abrad- 

 ing force of the drainage water ; by means of the loose stratum, 

 the more enduring sandstone is as it were peeled off, and covers the 

 hill slopes with its debris. The dip of the stratification has a general 

 N. E. direction. 



The circumscribed space, more immediately under consideration, 

 consists of about one hundred feet of ravine along a stratum of 

 loamy texture. Within this confined space specimens of all the 

 genera, contained in the synopsis of our collection, have been 

 found : that is to say, the same bed which yielded so many remains 

 of the fossil unicorn rhinoceros, likewise produced the half of the 

 upper and lower jaws of a young sivatherium ; many bones of the 

 extremities of adult animals of that genus, or of a ruminant of as 

 large a skeleton as that of the sivatherium ; the anterior half of the 

 head of an animal which presents analogies both to the palseotherium 

 and anoplotherium ; and, in short, exemplars of all the genera except- 

 ing the hippopotamus. The remains of fish and tortoises must also 

 be added to the list of classes not hitherto discovered in this deposit : 

 exceptions, however, which are probably accidental, as the plates of 

 saurian animals have been obtained from thence. 



The osteological remains, although strangely amassed together, are 

 frequently perfect ; in many instances whole extremities have been 

 disinterred ; there are cases of the greater part of whole skeletons 

 being dug out, but these are rare ; whole craniums of large animals 

 have not hitherto been met with ; a circumstance which, considering 

 the number of their bones, would be unaccountable, had we not 

 grounds for taxing the carelessness of the excavators as in part an- 

 swerable for the anomaly. Perfect craniums of the smaller animals 

 are of frequent occurrence ; in one block we counted five craniums of 

 antelopes, close together ; not all equally perfect, as one of them 

 possessed even the core of the horns complete, but with the molars 

 and greater part of the head present, so that all error is excluded. 

 Animals of the same species are not always thus heaped together : on 

 the contrary, the relics of very different species may be frequently 

 observed in contact. One block of moderate dimensions presented 

 the assemblage of remains of the sivatherium, rhinoceros, sus, croco- 

 dile, of a large feline and a small carnivorous animal, of antelope, and 

 of an undistinguished ruminant. Another block gave the head of a 

 species of gulo, accompanied by the plate of a saurian animal. To the 

 rhinoceros femur and tibia, (PL A) we found attached the astragalus of 

 3 s 



