490 Sub-Himdlayan Fossil Remains [Aug. 



an elephant and metatarsal of a rhinoceros : it would however be useless 

 to mention at greater length the juxta-position of specimens in this 

 stratum ; suffice it to add, that sometimes, perhaps in general, the 

 skulls and bones of the same species are found together ; at others, 

 however, as above described, the remains of very different species 

 occur together. 



There is one remarkable fact deserving of mention ; which is, that by 

 far the greater proportion of the craniums from this deposit are those 

 of young animals ; the adult bear a small proportion to them. 



From the above site the fossils selected to form the subject of this 

 paper have been obtained, with the exception of the following. 



The cranium, PL XV. which was found about three miles from the 

 Maginnud deposit. 



The separate teeth, fig. 5, 6, 7, 8, PI. XIX. which were brought at 

 different times and without any account of the places at which they 

 were obtained. 



The fine fragment from a lower jaw, fig. 6, 7, PI. XVI. which is in 

 the possession of Conductor Dawe, of the Canal Department, to whom 

 it was brought from the vicinity of the Haripur pass. 



Cranium. We shall commence with the fossil, which being the most 

 perfect, affords the best means of instituting a comparison with the 

 skulls of described species. It forms the subject of PI. XV. in which 

 three views are given, which were taken with a camera lucida — the 

 instrument and the distance of the cranium were so adjusted, that the 

 reflected image was exactly one-sixth the size of the original. We 

 are indebted to Colonel Colvin for the delineations in this plate. 



The fossil cranium is imperfect in the following parts. The extre- 

 mity of the nasal and intermaxillary bones are broken off ; the zygo- 

 matic arches are both fractured ; the left occipital condyle is wanting ; 

 the following molars have either dropped out prior to the envelop- 

 ment of the head by the matrix, or have been broken off subsequently 

 to its fossilization, viz. the fifth of the right, the first and seventh of 

 the left maxillary. In addition to these losses the cranium has under- 

 gone, when in the stratum, the common fate of sub-Himalayan relics, 

 and is cracked in several directions : the crush, however, which pro- 

 duced these cracks has not materially altered the form of the head ; 

 the chief effect produced has been the forcing the left half palate at its 

 anterior extremity a little above its proper level ; this the longitudinal 

 crack passing through the left orbit enabled it to accomplish ; the 

 displacement resulting may be best observed in the profile view of the 

 skull, fig. 3. The transverse cracks are accompanied by a small 

 hollow and a consequent neighbouring bulge, both so partial and 



