1836.] Native States in the Malay Peninsula. 631 



the kingdom of Johdre and its dependencies on the terms of the most 

 fovored nations. Such are the conditions under which the British 

 hold Singapore from the Sultan of Johdre. 



Pahdng. — Pahdng, though virtually independent, is nominally a de- 

 pendency of Johdre ; governed by one of its elective officers, the Banda- 

 hdra. It has consequently been included in the relations with that 

 state. 



Tringdnu and Calantan. — By the 12th article of Major Burney's 

 treaty it is stipulated, that Siam shall not go and obstruct or interrupt 

 commerce in the states of Tringdnu and Calantan. English merchants 

 and subjects shall have trade and intercourse in future with the same 

 facility and freedom as they have heretofore had ; and the English shall 

 not go and molest, attack or disturb those States upon any pretence 

 whatever. 



Patdni. — Patdni has already been adverted to as having become a 

 province of Siam, on which empire it borders. 



Present condition of the Malay States. — Having thus traversed both 

 the eastern and western coast of the Peninsula, 1 will briefly advert 

 to the political condition of the Malay States as it existed at the time 

 of my quitting the Straits in 1835. The Siamese retained, in spite of 

 their struggles, firm hold of Que'dah and Patdni, which are still groan- 

 ing under the yoke. The rightful Raja of Patdni remained a close 

 prisoner in Siam, and his country in a state of depopulation and dis- 

 tress under a Siamese governor. Tringdnu and Calantan, being less 

 under the withering influence of the monarch of the White Elephant, 

 are in a more prosperous condition, carrying on a considerable trade 

 with Singapore under their own princes. Both Tringdnu and Calantan 

 have been lately menaced by Siam, in violation of their treaty with 

 the British, by which they are interdicted from interfering with these 

 States. — Kemdmang is a small state, lying between Tringdnu and 

 Pahang : of the former it is nominally a tributary, but bears a mala 

 fama on the score of piracy, — a practice said to be countenanced by its 

 chief. The pirates are chiefly tempted by the prows trading from 

 Patdni, Calantan and Tringdnu to the port of Singapore. Pahdng was in 

 a peaceable and flourishing state under its Bandahdra, carrying on a pro- 

 fitable trade with Singapore, chiefly in gold-dust. The shores of Johdre, 

 though nominally the possessions of our stipendiary the Sultan, are 

 miserably neglected ; the creeks, bays, islets, and rivers of this ex- 

 tensive tract affording safe shelter to the hordes of pirates that threat- 

 en to extirpate the native commerce of Singapore. The states in the 

 interior of Malacca were, by the last accounts, still in anarchy and con- 

 fusion, arising from the fierce feuds and broils which have for some years 



