740 . Sub -Himalayan Fossil Remains of Ddddpur. [Nov. 



to the fact, that the animals which are found in sub-aqueous deposits, 

 are in general such as frequent marshes, rivers, or the borders of 

 lakes, and that such as live in trees are very rarely discovered ; he 

 adds, moreover, that considerable progress must be made in ascertain- 

 ing the contemporary pachydermata before it can be anticipated that 

 skeletons of the quadrumanous tribes should occur. Considering the 

 great number of relics assignable to the Pachydermata, Ruminantia, and 

 Ferce, which the Sub-Himalayan field has produced, it is not therefore 

 surprising that at length the half jaw of a quadrumanous animal 

 should be brought to light : the circumstance, however, being inter- 

 esting in several respects, we have not deferred its communication 

 until further research should put us in possession of more perfect 

 specimens ; the chances are against the probability of more being 

 brought in for some time — in the interval it may be as well at once to 

 add to the Sub-Himalayan list of fossils one species belonging to the 

 order of the quadrumana. 



The specimen in question was found in the hills near to the Sut- 

 lej, and it appears from the attached matrix to have been derived 

 from a stratum very similar in composition to the one described as 

 occurring at the Maginund deposit. The fragment consists of the 

 right half of an upper jaw ; the molars as to number are complete ; 

 but the first has lost some of its exterior enamel : and the fifth has 

 likewise had a portion of the enamel from its hind side chipped off. 

 The second and third molars are a good deal worn, and the state of 

 the fourth and fifth such as to indicate that the animal was perfectly 

 adult. The canine is small, but much mutilated, its insertion into 

 the jaw and its section being all that is distinct. 



From the inspection of the molar teeth, the order to which the 

 animal belonged is sufficiently evident ; but there is enough of the 

 orbit remaining to afford additional and very satisfactory proof; the 

 lower part of the orbit and the start of the zygomatic arch being very 

 distinct, would alone remove all doubt from the subject ; the orbits of 

 the quadrumana being peculiar and not easily to be confounded with 

 those of other animals. 



On comparison with the delineations of the dentition of this order 

 of animals given by F. Cltvier, the fossil bears some resemblance to 

 the genus Semnopithecus ; the section of the canine and the form 

 and size of the false molars are very similar to the exemplar taken by 

 F. Cuvier from a head of the species Maurus, a species found in 

 Java : had the drawing been taken from the Entellus, a species which 

 inhabits India, the comparison would in this instance have been more 



