1836.] Land and Fresh-water Shells. 741 



satisfactory ; the Maurus being chosen as the type, and no mention 

 made of other difference except length of canines, the various species 

 may be supposed to present no material departure from the type in 

 form of molars. The third molar in the fossil is so much worn as not 

 to admit of being compared with drawings from unworn teeth ; the 

 fourth is like that of the Maurus, but the fifth does not resemble the 

 analogous molars of any of the existing species as represented by F. 

 Cuvier, for the fossil tooth possesses a small interstitial point of 

 enamel at the inner side, which does not appear to have place in any 

 of those delineated. The incisors are absent, but the intermaxillary 

 is clearly distinguishable. 



Were it not for the size of the canine and the fifth molar, the 

 specimen presents some resemblance to the genus Macacus, given as 

 the type of the genera Macacus and Cynocephalus ; the smallness of 

 the canine and the large size of the molars causes the fossil to ap- 

 proach more nearly to the Semnopithecus than to the Macacus ; the 

 difference is, however, great between the two, for the Entellus is said 

 to attain the length of three and a half feet, whereas the length of 

 the fossil animal, if the space occupied by the molars and their size be 

 deemed sufficient ground for a conjecture, must have been equal to 

 that of the Pithecus Satyrus — the space taken up by the molars is 

 2.15 inches. This circumstance, and the differences before pointed 

 out, clearly separate the fossil from the species belonging to the genera 

 Cynocephalus or Semnopithecus. The specimen is imperfect, but it 

 indicates the existence of a gigantic species of Quadrumanous animals 

 contemporaneously with the Pachyderma of the Sub-Himalayas, and 

 thus supplies what has hitherto been a desideratum in Palaeontology — 

 proof of the existence, in a fossil state, of the type of organization 

 most nearly resembling that of man. 



Note. — Fig. 2 in the Plate is a little foreshortened in order to show the 

 bottom of the orbit at a, which in an accurate profile view is hidden by the 

 ascending part of the orbit, the section of which is seen at b. 



Both figures were taken with the camera lucida. 



VIII. — Descriptive Catalogue of a collection of Land and Fresh-water 

 Shells, chiefly contained in the Museum of the Asiatic Society. By 

 W. H. Benson, Esq. B. C. S. 



Part 2. — Fluviatile Shells. 



(Continued from page 358.) 



19. Planorbis umbilicalis. Testa quasi dextra luteo- cornea, politft, 



leviter radiato-striata, infra excavato-depressa, anfractibus omnibus 



versus umbilicum profundum spectantibus, ultimo interiores pene 



5 D 



