1836.] Geological Notes on the Northern Conkan. 767 



fossil shells ; so that if the people could trace them to the quarries, 

 it might lead to some interesting discoveries in the Raj-pipla range. 

 I saw no sign of this formation from Broach to the Maihi river, 

 opposite Camhay, nor on the Tanker ia Bunder side of the gulf. 



The next point at which I found conglomerate rock was at Gogo 

 in Kattywdr, where masses of rock containing shells are dug out 

 from the beach, the upper portions having been carried away by the 

 encroachments of the sea. 



This formation will, I hope, be soon traced up the south-eastern to 

 the western coast of Kattywdr. I before observed that the rocks at 

 Baunagar are trap. Now these conglomerates appear to contain 

 fragments of a great variety of mountain rocks, always excepting 

 trap. This circumstance affords suspicion that the trap was thrown 

 up subsequently to the deposit of the conglomerates. I say merely 

 suspicion, as I know of no evidence of upheaving, nor the nature 

 of the strata at the points of junction. These, between Gogo and 

 Baunogal, are either obliterated by extensive degradation, or con- 

 cealed by deposits of mud. 



The island of Perim in the gulf of Camhay, afforded me a better 

 opportunity of examining the conglomerate than the denuded beach 

 of Gogo. 



Perim is about three miles in circumference. About half the island, 

 proceeding round the western side towards the southernmost point, 

 consists of strata of conglomerate rock much acted upon, but forming 

 cliffs in several parts to a height of about 30 feet above the sea, the 

 upper strata being of compact sandstone, — all perfectly horizontal. 

 The conglomerate contains shells and other fossils, some undoubted 

 bones, &c. which have been forwarded for identification to Calcutta. 

 Fine sand, — partly from the decomposition of these rocks, but 

 chiefly, perhaps, thrown up by the tides from the opposite coast, 

 — appears to have been blown by the south-west monsoon, so as to 

 form dunes of very singular aspect, mostly rounded at the top. In 

 one place a sand hill has a quadrangular platform-like summit. 

 These sand-mounts seem to have formed a barrier to the farther 

 encroachments of the sea. There is a valley to the eastern side of 

 the island partly in turf, and some part cultivated open to the sea, 

 where one may walk with a firm footing, while the sandy dunes of 

 the higher level give way in every direction. 



Proceeding from the south point towards the eastward (the open 

 valley), layers of kankar are met with below the sandstone, — beyond 

 this is a low cliff of sand, — the valley completing the circuit. 



