58 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Jan. 



Tapir ? doubtful from water-wearing ; 



Ruminantia. A beautiful entire half of lower jaw of a large deer. H. F.'s. 

 Crocodile. Vertebrae of immense size, teeth, and other bones. H. F.'s collection. 

 Chelonians. Two species of Emys, one of Trionyx. 



Vertebrae of four distinct mammalia, which the want of means of identifying 

 satisfactorily prevents me from venturing a vague opinion of. A great number 

 of other bones besides, which will admit, many of them, of being determined. 

 There are some traces of new forms of structure : among others a tusk of a Pa- 

 chydermatous animal, about ^ of an inch in thickness, longitudinally channeled 

 like the tusks of the Hippopotamus, and curved, with its apex worn down to an 

 oblique disk ; but having a reniform, transverse section, channeled with a deep 

 fossa along its concave curve. This is but the commencement of the discoveries, 

 and among the Pachydermata, I expect many additional results : either in Anoplo- 

 thera ? Lophiodons and Anthracothera, or analogous forms in their place : and 

 most assuredly Tapirs at least. In fact, in Capt. Cautley's collection (the Kal- 

 lowala one from the clay marie) of which he has given you so much of the details, 

 there is a small tooth, which I imagine belongs to an extinct Pachydermatous 

 animal, allied to Antbracotherium. His zeal is beyond all praise. The moment he 

 got the scent, from some bones I found in the Limli pass, he was off to the field 

 in the Kallowalla Pass, and ever since it has been but a continuous search with 

 him. He has lately turned out a beautiful and most perfect molar tooth of the 

 upper jaw, right side, of a species of the genus Equus, which now puts his 

 inference of the existence of Solipeda in the deposit, at first deduced from an 

 incisor tooth, beyond all doubt. It has the roundish solitary lateral pit of the 

 inner side completely surrounded by a ridge of enamel : whereas in existing 

 species, the pit is open internally, and the ridge of enamel which encircles it is 

 continuous with the other flexures of enamel of the tooth. It therefore, perhaps 

 belongs to a new extinct species. The Lithological details of the Sewalik for- 

 mation are equally interesting with the fossil ones, and when worked out, will 

 read as instructive a lesson regarding the Geomorphic operations, at the foot of 

 the Himalayas, during centuries of ages past, as the fossil remains do, regard- 

 ing the former tenants of the tract. By the bye, the fossils I have mentioned 

 Mastodon Elephantoides, &c. establish an identity of formation between the upper 

 beds of the Irawaddi deposits and the upper deposits included between the 

 Sewalik and the Himalaya range. Several of them are the same as those 

 found by Crawford and Wallich ; and it appears, that all along the foot of 

 the Himalaya, from the Panjab, down to the Irawaddi, there is a nearly con- 

 tinuous series of tertiary formations, more or less upheaved at different points 

 along the line ; but in all their great features, they appear chiefly developed in 

 the Jamna Gangetic portion, where they are upheaved to upwards of 1500 feet 

 above the plains. 



In a late excursion to Jamnautri I collected materials for a section from 

 the snowy range on to the plains, like Dr. Royle's, but perhaps more copious. 

 I have found the trap rocks extensively distributed and far in the interior.* 

 The whole tract on this side the snow is primitive ; and the line of the 

 snowy peaks is primitive also. I am convinced that they are not like the high 

 mountains of the Andes, porphyries and other trappean masses burst through 

 the surrounding formations ; but primitive schists upheaved to a higher level 



