262 On the Strata of the D dab Alluvium, [Mat, 



test of adhering on being applied to the tongue or lips. (Specs, y. 

 1st. Alluvial Clay, corresponding with a, var. of C, first division; 

 is much intersected with seams of kankar § of an inch in average diame- 

 ter, colour dull yellow, grey, and dirty white, and is interstratified with 

 beds of nodule kankar varying between 20 yards, and half a mile in 

 length (as exposed by the river), and from one foot to 15 in thickness. 

 2nd. Alluvial Compact Sand would form a var. e, of C, first division ; 

 does not agree with c, of the same division, as there is no por- 

 tion of clay, and it is only partially consolidated by the pressure of 

 superincumbent strata. It occurs both above and below the 1st allu- 

 vial stratum from 3 to 18 inches thick, and of indefinite length and 

 breadth ; in some places a few yards, in others several miles. 



Brd. Alluvial Clay, with a large proportion of sand b, var. of C, 

 first division of Mr. McCulloch's synopsis. This stratum is frequent- 

 ly varied in colour, giving it an appearance of divisibility ; but on ex- 

 amination, this difference will be found to extend to colour only, which 

 varies in many places between dull yellow and grey. 

 1st. Of Clay Banks or Shoals. 

 These banks (fig. 2. PI. XIII.) so justly dreaded by navigators of the 

 Jumna, are quite as unwelcome to those engaged on the Jumna works, 

 as their removal is both troublesome and expensive. They are formed 

 of isolated and detached portions of the 1st alluvial stratum, by an 

 accumulation of sand forcing the stream into anew channel, formed by 

 the whole of the 2nd and 3rd alluvials, and least tenacious parts of 

 the 1st alluvium, having been swept away at high levels, leaving such 

 portions of the last as were sufficiently compact to withstand the force 

 of the stream, which are generally those where the natural toughness 

 of the clay is increased by the seam kankar before mentioned, (spec. 

 x,) which runs in every direction through it, literally lacing it toge- 

 ther, and giving the clay a durability which the action of the strong- 

 est current has, perhaps, less effect upon, than it would have on a 

 similar mass of stone of average texture. 



The stream, which is generally confined in its course by these ob- 

 stacles, rushes past them with violence, polishing (as much as clay is 

 capable of such an operation) all those parts exposed to its action. 



It was in the crevices formed by the washing away of the softer 

 parts of a bank of this description, (figs. 1 & 2, PL XIV.) that the speci- 

 men of fossil bones, which were, I believe, presented by Capt. Smith, 

 and the tulwar, by Lieut. Burt, were found, whilst the clay bank was 

 being removed, the whole upper surface of which was covered with from 

 two to four feet of kankar, of the conglomerate formation. I should 

 wish this to be remembered, as I consider finding the latter in such a 



