1835.] Naning in the Malay Peninsula. 299 



There are three other Siikus or tribes in Naning, viz. those of Battd 

 Balong, Tigd Neyney, and. Bodoandd. The number of individuals com- 

 posing these tribes being so insignificant, they were included in the 

 four general divisions. 



The office of the head of the Sdku was not exactly hereditary. In 

 the event of a casualty, the place was generally filled up by the remain- 

 ing three from the most eligible of the deceased's family. Their 

 office was to assist the Panghulu with their counsel and advice ; 

 if unanimous, they could carry their point against him. 



They were always consulted in any matter of importance, and af- 

 fixed their seals to all deeds and agreements. Letters to the Govern- 

 ment at Malacca, and to the heads of independent states were invaria- 

 bly written in the name of the Panghulu and Ampat Sdku. Each was 

 individually responsible for his tribe to the Panghuld, in matters of 

 revenue, levying men and settling disputes. 



Their revenue was derived principally from the power they enjoyed 

 of levying fines on their own particular tribe, and from a portion allot- 

 ted to them by the Panghuld from his annual levy on each house of 

 five gantams of paddy. 



Mantrts. — The Mantris were a species of privy councillors to the 

 Panghulds, two in number. The last were Mela'na' Hakim and 

 Gompa'r. They fled with the PangMld to Miko in Rumbowe, but 

 have since returned. 



Panglimds or Hulubalangs. — The Panglimds are the war chiefs. The 

 ex-Panghuld had 12 ; viz. Panglimas Besdr, Jati, Arrip, Beibas, Sul- 

 tan, Tamli, Prang, Troh, 2 Bangsahs, Kiodin, and Rajd Balang. 

 Four of these were personally attached to the Panghuld ; viz. 

 Panglimds Besdr, Prang, Jati, and Arrip : the rest to the Ampat 

 Sdku. 



Besides the levying of men in war, and leading them to combat, 

 building stockades, &c. the duty of a Panglimd is in peace, the appre- 

 hension of criminals, bearing official messages and letters, and making 

 requisitions. 



Oa these occasions, the Panghulu 's spear Tombok Bandaran was 

 sent with them, in token of their authority. 



This custom prevails generally among Malayan chiefs. 

 The above form of government was entirely abolished on the set- 

 tling of the country after the disturbances in 1832, as will appear 

 hereafter. 



History. — Naning was taken possession of, together with the Ma- 

 lacca lands, by the Portuguese, shortly after the capture of Malacca by 

 Alphonso Albuquerque, in 1511. Previous to this, it had formed an 

 p p 2 



