1835.] Naning in the Malay Peninsula. 315 



of the tenth collected in Naning, until the 30th April, 1834, his travel, 

 ling expences to be defrayed on the usual scale. Mr. Westerhout 

 is to introduce and establish the collection of the tenth, he shall make 

 a census of the population, number of houses, &c. The quantity of 

 grain sown by each individual is to be ascertained by him ; also the 

 extent of ground belonging to those individuals who are exempt 

 from paying the duty. He shall likewise ascertain the quantity and 

 nature of the lands, lately the property of Dhol Sayad, and send in a 

 return to Government of the new Panghulus and places under their au- 

 thority. The expediency of a number of wells being sunk at intervals 

 of half a mile apart, along the Naning boundary-line with Rumbowe 

 and Johore, was also suggested by Government. 



On the 9th of January, 1833, Mr. Westerhout met the Rumbowe 

 chiefs at Sungi seaport, near the frontiers of Rumbowe, to arrange 

 the respective boundaries. The boundary line agreed on follows the 

 ancient one as far as Jirat Gunji, from thence as stated before. 



The Rumbowe chiefs revived some old claims to the Ramoan Chi- 

 nas, stating, that in their old boundary papers, the line passed from 

 Qualla Lingi over Bukit Bruang, and through Ramoan China, &c. to 

 Padang Chachar. 



We also find the Raja of Salangore making a somewhat similar 

 claim, in 1804, encroaching on the Company's territories as far as Sun- 

 gi Baru. (Vide Anderson's Considerations, page 203.) 



They however readily ceded the point, when informed that accord- 

 ing to all European copies of former treaties, the boundary-line in that 

 quarter was the Lingi river, and that the Ramoan Chinas had always 

 been private property under the Dutch and English Government. 



The country, since the taking of Tabu, has been occupied by the Madras 

 troops ; but as its security has progressed, and the inhabitants have 

 became more and more settled, the force has been gradually diminished. 

 Distress and poverty are still too visible. These powerful agents, ope- 

 rating on a few desperate characters, have produced, in many instances* 

 the natural results, robbery and murder. The newly-created Pangliixlus, 

 with families, crying out for food at home, and fearful for their own 

 personal safety, are at present very far from being useful as a police »' 

 in time to come, after the machine has once received a proper impulse, 

 the inhabitants returned to their rice-fields, and the ex-Panghulii, now 

 dwelling in the neighbouring state of Sriminanti, disposed of, then 

 the troops may be withdrawn, or concentrated in a centrical post, and 

 the Panghdlfis, with their Mata Matas, may then be found sufficient 

 for the duties required of them ; but at present they stand more in 

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