1835.] Fossil bones of the Sub- Himalayas. 565 



IV. — Selected Specimens of the Sub-Himdlayan Fossils in the Dddupur 

 Collection. By Lieut. W. E. Baker, Engineers. 



The discovery of the existence of fossil organic remains, in the 

 vicinity of the village of Rdyawdla, and in the Markanda pass, has led 

 to the examination of the tract of tertiary hills lying between the 

 river Jamna and Pinjor. From different points on this line, speci- 

 mens have been obtained, and the fact of its richness in such relics 

 fully established. 



The greater number of the specimens in the Dudupur collection, are 

 from the hills lying between the Markanda pass and Pinjor. The cal- 

 careous sand-stone prevalent in these formations has usually appeared 

 as the matrix containing them ; an exception, however, occurs in the 

 neighbourhood of Dudgarh, where the matrix, instead of sand-stone, is 

 a red indurated marl, in which not only the remains of Mammalia 

 and Reptilia are found, but those of Mollusca also. The native col- 

 lector reports them to occur together, and along with the shells, pro- 

 duced fragments of bones and vertebrae of Saurians. Having as yet 

 had no opportunity of visiting the place, I can neither corroborate 

 his statement, nor particularise the site of the deposit. The shells 

 appear to belong to fresh water species ; they are not abundant, and 

 are generally in a bad state of preservation. The red marl is with 

 difficulty disengaged from the specimens ; any attempt to separate 

 the shell from the matrix, being usually at the expence of the epider- 

 mis, and too frequently at that of the valves themselves. Nos. 45, 

 46, 47, 48, (PI. XLVIIf. \ size,) shew the usual state of the speci- 

 mens ; the varieties are few in number, but the determination of 

 fossil species requires so much experience and nice discrimination, 

 that no apology will be requisite to excuse silence on this interesting 

 point. A selection, which is to be placed at your disposal, will, it is 

 hoped, afford the means of determining the question. The univalves 

 bear a small proportion only to the bivalves, being in the ratio of 1 

 to 100 ; it must, however, be remarked, that the quantity hitherto col- 

 lected being small, the above proportion might be materially affected 

 by an inconsiderable increase to the number of specimens*. 



* We have ventured to preface Lieut. Baker's enumeration of the principal 

 Sub-Himalayan fossils of the Dudupur collection by the above extract from a 

 paper previously drawn up by his friend and coadjutor Lieut. Durand, on the 

 remains of the hippopotamus -of the same field, for the sake of pointing out 

 the locality in the extensive range of lower hills, whence they have been exhum- 

 ed. Lieut. Durand' s beautiful drawings, being, from their size, better adapted 

 to the pages of the Researches, will, in the first instance, receive publication in 

 4 D 



