628 Continuation of Observations [Nov, 



On the reverse, we have frequently a dog with a collar (and bell ?) 

 guarding a sword or flagstaff of victory, (jaija dhvaja ?) figs. 20, 21, 

 34, 35, 36. At other times an elephant (fig. 39) ; a bull (37), or the 

 sacred tree (15, 38) : and, in rarer cases, the device on both sides is 

 changed, as in 40, 41. Figs. 18, 42, and 43, (in the latter of which 

 the elephant might easily be mistaken for a deva nagari letter,) are of 

 the cast species ; to which also belongs the multi-symbolic coin, fig. 18, 

 of the last, and its fellows of former plates. The leaden coin 49, 

 is also cast, but it is probably a forgery of some copper original. 



Of the second branch, or die-struck coins, we have also several sub- 

 divisions — 1st, the peculiar bronze-metal (Ayodhya ?) coins of Behat 

 in the last plate ; to which belongs 44, with the tree symbol, and 

 a sitting dog on the obverse: 2nd, a groupe, (figs 45, 46, 47,) having 

 a horse on one side, similar to Lieut. Conolly's coin, fig. 1, PL 

 XXV. of vol. iii. ; 3rd, the stag and chaitya coin, (figs. 16, 48 ; also 

 figs. 1, 2, and 6, of PI. XVIII. and fig. 4, of PI. XXV. vol. iii.) ; and 

 4th, those square rude coins, first pointed out by Masson, having an 

 elephant on one side and a lion (dog) on the other, with the charac- 

 teristic symbol £> figs. 50 and 51, of this kind are from the Ventura 

 collection. 



Upon most of the latter or die-struck species are portions of inscrip- 

 tions in the lath character, as was first clearly determined from Lieut. 

 Conolly's coin, (PI. XXV, vol. iii.) The letters so well defined on 

 that type coin may be read, f3^r%3"^T, viddhevasa ; the second in the 

 list there given was converted into irr^T^T^T^ ; the third into 

 vrJTTrr^? : but such renderings, having nothing beyond their being 

 real Sanscrit words to recommend them, are hardly admissible. In the 

 same manner, nothing can be made of the combination patama ddsata 

 of fig. 45 ; pasaha of 46 ; or ramahata of 47 : the last coin is curious, 

 from having an alligator or lizard symbol, similar to the sign on the 

 porcelain ring from Behat (fig. 1.) 



In explanation of the absence of any of the titles of sovereign- 

 ty in these legends, the quotation already cited from M. Csoma's 

 analysis of the Dulva may be again brought forward — that under the 

 symbols of the circle, deer, &c. the name of the founder of the 

 Vihara should be inscribed ; — indeed the whole of the above passage is 

 singularly applicable to this group of coins; and, in conjunction with 

 other evidence, suggests the idea that the Buddhist coinage was 

 struck in the monasteries of the priesthood, where the learning, 

 skill, and riches of the country would naturally follow their attainment 

 of influence, and ascendancy over princes and people. The same 

 argument may account for the imitation of Bactrian or Indo-Scythic 



