1835.] Memoir on Chinese Tartary and Khoten. 661 



Jehangir Khojeh then marched to Ydrkand, where also he was 

 well received by the inhabitants. The Chinese, after sustaining 

 several defeats, abandoned the country. Encouraged by his success, 

 the Khojeh then proceeded to Khoten, and expelled the Chinese 

 from that province. Whenever he made his appearance, the Chinese 

 either gave way, or, resisting, were put to the sword. Thus Jehan- 

 gir acquired possession of the whole country, which remained in 

 his hands for five or six months ; but, abusing his power, he tyran- 

 nised over the people, and oppressed them. He became, in conse- 

 quence, disliked, and was not supported by the inhabitants in oppos- 

 ing the Chinese, who returned with an army estimated at about 

 60,000 men, besides many Kalmuk horse. Being unable to check 

 their progress, the Khojeh retired to the mountains, and his Khirgiz 

 and Andejdn allies retired to their own countries, carrying away with 

 them property of immense value, of which, on the approach of the 

 Chinese, they had plundered the inhabitants. Shortly afterwards, 

 Ishak Khojeh, of Kashgar, being jealous of Jehangir, betrayed 

 him into the hands of the Chinese general at Auksd, by whom he 

 was sent to Pechin, (Pekin,) where he was put to death by order of 

 the Emperor. For the service which Ishak Khojeh had rendered, 

 he received from the Chinese, the office and title of Waug. or prince 

 of Kashgar. The real cause of the defeat of Jeha'ngir Khojeh was, 

 that the Usbeks of Chinese Tartary were divided into two tribes, 

 the Ak Tak, to which he belonged, who are of the Naqsh-bandi sect, 

 and the Kara Tak, who are Kadaris, and who never cordially joined 

 the other. Ishak Khojeh was the chief of the latter. Sometime 

 subsequent to his being appointed governor of Kashgar, he was 

 called to Pekin, but never heard of after. It is supposed the Chinese 

 were afraid of his influence, and that he was got rid of by poison. 



Revenue — Albaum, or Land Tax — and Customs. — The revenue derived 

 bv the Chinese, or rather the payment made to them by their subjects 

 in Chinese Tartary, is denominated " Albaum," which consists of a 

 capitation tax of one rupee from each man, per month, and a tenth 

 of the produce of the land. 



Syeds, mullahs, pirzddehs, faquirs, soldiers, &c. are excused from 

 paying the " Albaum," according to the laws of Genghis Khan. 

 Formerly, land customs were levied on merchandize in transitu 

 through the province ; and were collected at the rate of 2^ per cent, 

 on the value, (or as the narrator described it, " 1 in 40, that is, of 40 

 pieces of cloth, one was taken ;") but, about twelve years ago, this 

 duty was entirely abolished, by order of the Emperor of China, and 

 merchandize now passes free of impost. 

 4 Q 



