( 3 ) 



Nasal dimensions. — These are taken with the instrument which, 

 for convenience of reference, I may call the nasometer (compas 

 glissiere de Broca). The lower point for the height of the nose is 

 easily found. The nasometer being opened to the approximate 

 height of the nose, the pointed end of the lower limb should be 

 placed at the junction of the central nasal cartilage with the upper 

 lip and pressed inwards and upwards until it meets with steady 

 resistance from the nasal spine. The upper point also is easy to 

 find in persons who have the root of the nose well defined. By 

 feeling with the finger one can readily fix the point at which the 

 bridge of the nose meets the frontal region of the skull and forms 

 a depression or valley, the deepest point of which determines the 

 measurement. This point can be either felt for and marked with 

 red pencil or red ink before the instrument is applied, or can be ascer- 

 tained by moving and adjusting the upper limb of the instrument 

 itself. Vide — C 1 in figure 1. 



Some races, however, notably Mongolians, such as Tibetan, 

 Limbus and the like, have no well-defined depression at the root of 

 the nose. In such cases a close inspection of the root of the nose 

 will disclose either one or two transverse folds or wrinkles of skin 

 running at right angles to the direction of the nose. Where there 

 are two folds, the point of the instrument should be placed between 

 them ; where there is only one, the instrument should be placed on 

 the fold. The folds are usually to be found about two millimeters 

 above the transverse axis of the eyes. 



The width of the nose (D — D in Fig. 4) should be measured 

 with the blunt ends of the nasometer. The object is to get the 

 maximum width of the nostrils. The instrument therefore should 

 just touch the skin on either side without depressing it. 



I may mention here that all authorities agree in considering 

 the dimensions of the nose the most valuable race characteristic 

 that can be tested by measurement. Special care should therefore 

 be taken in measuring these, the more so as, the figures being 

 comparatively small, the averages will be more liable to be thrown 

 out by any error. The measurements are, however, easy to take, 

 and if carefully done show little variation in the hands of different 

 operators on the same subject. 



Naso-malar dimensions. — First make a pencil or red ink dot 

 on the most posterior point on the front surface of the outer 

 edge of each orbit. The normal situation of these points is shown 

 at M and M 1 in figures 4 and 5. They can readily be ascer- 

 tained by feeling with the finger. Then make a similar dot on 

 the centre of the bridge of the nose at the most posterior point. 

 See the point marked N in figures 4 and 5. This point will 

 correspond exactly with the "upper point " of the nasal height 

 described above. Care must of course be taken to place the dot 

 exactly in the centre of the nose. 



Having made the three dots in the manner described above, 

 measure with the nasometer the distance between the two orbital 



