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Skin. 



The colour of the skin should be indicated on Dr. Topinard's 

 system as follows : — 



Is the skin — 1. Black, coal-black? 2. Sooty-black? 3. Dark 

 reddish-brown, chocolate ? 4. Dark yellow brown, dark olive ? 

 5. Eed, copper- coloured ? 6. Yellow, olive ? 7. Yellowish- white ? 

 8. Brownish- white ? 9. Pale white ? 10. Florid or rosy ? 



A very convenient part to observe in clothed persons is usually 

 the outer part of the upper arm. The part chosen should be stated 

 in any case. 



1. Is the skin smooth and velvety, or coarse and rough ? 



2. Is the oily excretion abundant ? 



3. Do the parts covered differ much in colour from those 



exposed to the sun ? 



4. Do different castes or sections of the population differ 



notably in colour ? 



5. What is the prevailing colour or complexion in parts not 



habitually exposed ? 



6. And what in those habitually exposed to weather and sun- 



shine ? Do freckles occur ? 



Eye. 



The colour of the iris is very important ; next in importance are 

 the form and position of the opening. 



Topinard's plan of denoting colour recognises four classes : — 



1. Dark. — Including those which are called black-brown, dark 

 hazel, &c. 



2. Medium or Neutral. — Such as cannot at once, in a good 

 light, be distinguished as light or dark. Among these are the dark 

 greys ; most of the greens ; those with a predominance of orange 

 towards the centre, but of grey and light green elsewhere, &c. 



C 3. Other than blue (light grey, very light, green, 

 Light ] &c.) 



( 4. Blue. 



What are the relative proportions of these four classes? The 

 eyes should be examined from a moderate distance, so as to get a 

 general impression of the colours. 



Forms and positions : — Are the eyes placed with their long axis 

 nearly in one horizontal plane (as in most Europeans), or are their 

 outer angles more or less visibly elevated (as in many or most 

 Chinese) ? Are they deeply set, or a fleur de tete, prominent ? Is the 

 upper eyelid thick ? Does it turn down at the inner angle, covering 

 more or less the caruncle ? Does the outer angle of the opening 

 appear compressed and pointed, so as to suggest an almond shape ? 



