1865.] Notes to accompany a Geological map. 43 



4. Harder and greyer sandstone. The bed has been broken up 

 and re-cemented by a coarser, more salt-and-pepper-like sand. The 

 pieces of the original bed are seen sticking out at all angles like 

 drifted ice. On the east side of the valley of Maidani, this breaking 

 up is not observed. 



5. Conglomerate composed of yellow limestone pebbles cemented 

 by a veiy hard calcareous cement. The cement appears first to have 

 coated the pebbles with two or three coats of various shades of yellow 

 or brown ; like a calculus of the bladder. This bed is seen always 

 (west of the Indus) on the top of the nummulitic or bottom of the 

 miocene beds. It is striking in appearance, especially when polished 

 by a running torrent. 



6. Flesh-coloured, hard, nummulitic limestone, weathering rough, 

 pitted and grey. It contains a few nummulites of small size and a 

 few small bivalves. 



7. Limestone, argillaceous and yellow ; it is arranged in concentric 

 masses cemented by an earthy marly limestone. Both the rounded 

 masses and the intervening earthy rocks are full of fossils ; 

 N. Lcevigata and N. Pushi are abundant ; also a small flat species and 

 two species extremely gibbose and always very abundant in muddy 

 nummulitic limestone. Bivalves very numerous. Casts of Trochus 

 very abundant. A large Spatanchus, 6 inches across, found here also. 



8. Limestone, glaring- white like chalk and not much harder than 

 chalk. It contains the same fossils as the preceding layer, but no 

 Spatanchus. It is of very great thickness and forms a high white 

 cliff facing the east and remarkable from a great distance. 



9. Slate in a state of decomposition. It is interbedded with 

 limestone and occasionally contains small nummulites ; but it is 

 generally without fossils. 



10. Carbonaceous shale with beds of "Rol" or alum shale and 

 of lignite. The Rol and the lignite beds are generally in contact 

 with the nummulitic limestone above. 



11. Shales of all colours, white, red, yellow, grey, olive, nearly 

 black ; very calcareous, with thin beds of muddy limestone (very soft) 

 £ontaining debris of shells, rootlets and stems of plants. No 

 nummulites in these beds. Some of these shales are a good fire-clay 

 and are used to make crucibles. These shales are generally more ox- 

 less wavy. 



