30 Memorandum on the Survey of Kashmir. [Xo. 1, 



siege by an explosion of gunpowder. The mountain survey thus lost 

 a most energetic and valuable member, unrivalled in physical power, 

 endurance and cheerfulness under fatigue, whilst the Engineer Corps 

 lost a talented and amiable officer. 



" Poor Elliot Brownlow's adventures and achievements in the snowy 

 mountains and his hardihood and endurance have been the theme 

 of much praise and admiration amongst his brother Surveyors. He 

 had intended to devote his rare and splendid qualities as a mountain 

 surveyor, had he survived, to the exploration of Central Asia on rigor- 

 ous principles. 



" The merits of the various assistants have been duly reported on. 

 By means of their zealous co-operation alone, was the Surveyor able 

 to finish this difficult piece of work. Though they have had much 

 to contend with in such a country, besides the extremes of heat and 

 cold, their exertions have been most praiseworthy. 



" The native establishment has from the commencement consisted 

 of a mixture of men from the plains and from the hills. They were 

 all not a little troubled by the impossibility of boiling or rather 

 softening their rice, dal, &c. at such high elevations. Notwith- 

 standing that, and the general severity of the climate, they have at 

 all times done their work carefully and efficiently. 



" There were many difficulties peculiar to surveying in a partially 

 independent state. The natives of the country moreover had preju- 

 dices against going up some of the high hills ; but the clouds, mist 

 and haze were always by far the worst enemies of the Surveyors. 



" During the last year the party were troubled first by cholera and 

 secondly by a flood. The former had stuck to the valley strange to say 

 throughout the winter when the snow was up to a man's neck. The 

 camp did not suffer much as it was taken up to the high Table Land. 

 During the flood they had to take to the boats ; about thirty miles by 

 ten to fifteen were submerged. 



" In the after part of the season the triangulation of Little Thibet 

 was finished and a good piece of Ladak, all on the other side of the 

 Himalayas, where the rains did not interfere so much, though the 

 clouds were troublesome. 



"The Latitude and Longitude of Skardo have been obtained, but, 

 Leh, has not been laid down yet, though two peaks in its neighbourhood 



